Traditional Russian Foods

Essay - 958 Words

Louis cried out throwing his head back. He gargled trying to swallow the strange liquids that filled his mouth. Finally the alpha clasped his hand over the boys mouth forcing him to swallow. The boy fell forward resting his head on the alphas chest. He didn’t know how much longer he could live like this. He woke up and was fucked, left alone for a bit and was fucked again. Sometimes later in the afternoon they would switch it up with a beating but usually he just ended up being tortured again. He only received one meal a day, just enough to survive. He was beginning to think Sterling just kept him alive to torture him. Sterling tipped the boys head back trying to get a good look at him. His eyes were wide with fear and he†¦show more content†¦The boy gagged loudly before rolling to his side and vomiting again. â€Å"Fucking disgusting. I don’t know how anyone would ever love you.† He hissed pushing Louis back. The omega whimpered and slowly curled into himself. He was silent for a brief moment then let out a painful wail. His entire body began to shake as he continued to sob. â€Å"Stop it Louis.† Sterling hissed. He began to grab at the omega but Louis only continued to kick. He screamed bloody murder and began to punch the bed wildly. Sterling knew the boy would have attacks but they were never this bad, not that he cared much. Back when the boy was with him he would just grab him and lock him in an empty room until he finally stopped. It seemed to work fine but that wasn’t an option now. He grabbed the boys legs forcing him to stop kicking which only made Louis scream louder. He began to thrash about trying to get Sterling away. The door cracked open and sterling sighed in relief seeing Calum. â€Å"He is having one of his bloody attacks.† Sterling hissed. â€Å"Still does this shit, little shit just wants attention.† Calum let the door shut slowly as he stared at the sobbing boy thrashing out on the bed. 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Milkshake Factory Case Study Free Essays

The story of George Stein exposes the dynamics that drive the night shift at Eastern Dairy’s milkshake factory. George was excited to join the dairy’s unionized workforce because its contributions-to-inducements balance was so favorable. As soon as he crossed the functional boundary into the organization, more specific features of George’s work group became apparent. We will write a custom essay sample on Milkshake Factory Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now First, there was no manager to speak of supervising the night shift. Second, horseplay was the workgroup norm, considered a natural and necessary complement to the hard work the team did every night. Although the management likely excused this as peripheral role behavior, it was relevant and desirable to the members of the night shift itself because it allowed them to cultivate camaraderie and maintain morale, giving them motivation to perform as well as participate. Management’s only expressed expectations were that the night shift complete the set of production orders they were given each night and that the equipment was spotlessly clean by 7 a. m. As long as these tasks were accomplished, the night shift was left to self-regulate. The night shift constitutes its own subculture within Eastern Dairy, and the special conditions that govern that workgroup make it discernibly different from the mainstream organizational culture. The absence of a formal manager to indoctrinate employees into organizational values such as quality management has allowed a different set of values and basic assumptions to emerge among the members of the night shift than might be held by the organization as a whole. For example, they share an implicit assumption that, where there is a conflict between workers’ best interests and quality control, the workers should win out. From a differentiation perspective, we can predict that the night shift’s internal consensus on this point is likely to be at odds with that of the managerial subculture. [1] If the company has the goal of total quality control, it has not taken the steps necessary to spread that philosophy throughout its ranks. Rather than sharing management’s presumed focus on the customer, the night shift is focused on doing their job quickly enough to get out of work on time. Since they have not received explicit training or communication about quality control issues, it is reasonable that they retain the view that some level of defects in the manufacturing process is normal and acceptable. If we are willing to dismiss the quality control aspects of the production line blockage issue, there remains the ethical question of what is the right way to deal with the problem. If George removes the filters as instructed, the 500 gallons of milkshake destined for public consumption will be contaminated with maggots. If he doesn’t, attempting instead to clear the filters every time one clogs, the production run will take forever, meaning everyone will have to stay late, and the equipment will not be clean in time for the start of the day shift. If the crew discards the entire contaminated batch and restarts the production run from scratch, clean-up will still be delayed to some extent, plus the company will have to waste 500 gallons of milkshake mix. The instructions management (to our knowledge) has provided to Paul indicate that it prioritizes timely completion of the production orders and subsequent clean-up over things like purity of the product. Additionally, Paul knows that, due to pasteurization, the milkshakes will not hurt anyone, and due to homogenization, the extraneous matter probably won’t even be noticed. After weighing all of these points, Paul decides to remove the filters in order to process the milkshake mix, maggots and all. Whether this is an ethical solution to the blockage depends on the system of ethics used to judge it. Paul appears to be following utilitarian ethics in his decision, by which milkshake contamination is an undesired but acceptable outcome of the action of greatest net benefit to all involved. He is not ignoring the effect of this action on the prospective drinkers of the milkshakes; he just feels that they are not affected adversely enough (due to homogenization and pasteurization) to change the assessment of greatest net benefit. According to act utilitarianism (and potentially rule utilitarianism, if the rule agrees), Paul’s decision is perfectly ethical. According to right-based ethics, however, he is acting unethically because allowing the contaminated milkshake to go to market interferes with the consumers’ rights to make an informed decision about the products they purchase. Finally,[2] an ethical egoist would be split on the issue: If George were a individual egoist, he would remove the filters without hesitation because doing so will make his life easier, but if he were a universal egoist, he would refrain from sending the contaminated batch to market because he wouldn’t like to be on the receiving end of that action. [3] George’s focus on others is apparent from the guilt he feels about the children who could find themselves drinking maggot-filled milkshakes because of his actions. Paul’s order to emove the filters falls on the cusp of George’s zone of indifference, and he considers disobeying out of concern with the morality of the request. One reason for George’s ambiguity is that he lacks the leadership defined by Mary Parker Follett. Paul may be the workgroup’s informal leader, but he has no real authority over his colleagues. He may know the technical aspects of the job, but he does not see the â€Å"big picture,† which includes the trust relationship between the dairy and its customers. He does his best to solve problems, but he hasn’t been given the resources to head them off before they occur. The solution he chooses for the blockage problem does not display the forethought of the ideal leader because it leaves the team open to potential repercussions from management and/or the public if the contamination is discovered. Nonetheless, Paul is George’s most obvious role-sender because he has the most impact on George’s daily work experience. Under the circumstances, Parker-Follett would like to see George try to influence Paul by suggesting a content innovation that miraculously solves their problem in an unforeseen way. In the end, it is not George’s responsibility – or ultimately even Paul’s – to solve the dilemma that confronts them. The management has not provided the night shift enough guidance to establish unequivocally what the organization considers the right way to proceed. The uncertainty the employees face in this situation is a good argument for formalized codes of ethics and quality control training. In the meantime, ethical relativism will prevail on the night shift: they will have to decide what is â€Å"right† based on what is best for everyone present. ———————- [1] This assumes two things about the managerial subculture: a) it espouses a commitment to quality management, and b) its in-use values do not conflict with the espoused values. [2] Justice theories of ethics can be construed to agree with rights-based theory, but they deal to a greater degree with more over-arching questions of how society sh ould be run. As such, justice ethics are the least applicable to this situation. [3] Of course, a person who sees the contamination as harmless could allow it to happen without violating the â€Å"golden rule. † How to cite Milkshake Factory Case Study, Free Case study samples

Industrial Relations Management Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Industrial Relations Management. Answer: Industrial relations management Dunlops system theory and its connection with the three actors Dunlops theory of industrial relations was created by John Dunlop in 1958 to explain the industrial relations in organizations. The theory has several building blocks which include, the actors. The web of rules, the context, and ideology, (Kaufman, 2010, p. 75). The web of rules usually functions to govern the relationship between the actors. There are three actors, the government, employers, and the employees, (Kaufman, 2010, p. 75). These actors operate within a specific ecological, environmental or political contexts which affect their relationship. The actors have several roles in the system. The three actors in the Dunlops theory, work hand-in-hand. The employers, through their associations, establish proper working conditions and ensure the employees' rights are respected, (Howell, 2011, p. 200). These employees have labor unions which fight for better pay and proper working environments. The government follows different procedures to enact substantive laws, within which the employers and employees must operate, (Howell, 2011, p. 200). The three principal actors in the IRM and their roles are discussed below: Employers and their associations. An employer is a person, a body, an association or a group of persons with whom an employee has entered into an agreement or contract of apprenticeship or service. It also entails persons designated as employers by orders made by the minister, usually in consultation with the board, (Kaufman, 2010, p. 74). Roles of employers. Under the health and safety laws, employers have a duty to protect the welfare, health, and safety of their workers, and other stakeholders of the business. The employers conduct risk assessments to identify all risks that may cause injury in the work place and administer control measures, (Godard, 2011, p. 285). The employers must conduct consultations with the employees on health and safety issues. The consultation may be direct or through a representative elected by a workers trade union or the workforce, (Naidu, 2012, p. 160). This ensures that the employees are comfortable in the organization. Better conditions of employment and compensation is a significant aspect that employer takes into a count when dealing with the employees. The employers must ensure that the workers are compensated adequate wages, allowances, and other emoluments. To illustrate the roles of employers, I derived a good example, after interviewing one of my friends who worked with a Chinese firm, entitled to renovate a College, Called Malapoa. The Chinese employer was accused by the workers of mistreating the workers. The workers went on strike complaining that the employers failed to conduct their roles in the right way. The workers complained that they were subjected to forced labor as they worked for more than 44 hours in a week. Also, they were not being granted sick leaves and protective clothing. In this case, the employers did not respect their duties to ensure worker's safety by providing safety wears. The workers went on strike and reported the matter to the labor department. The officials in the labor department solved the issue through arbitration. The workers and their unions. In industrial relations, workers usually strive to improve the conditions of their employment. They May do this by the help of workers unions. Some of the issues advocated for by the employee's unions include, better pay, safety at work place, respect for the rights and interests of workers and proper employer-employee relationships, (Lansbury Bamber, 2013, p. 20). The workers may usually go on strike, through their unions to advocate for the better working environment. Roles of workers. Advocate for the better working environment: The workers usually make attempts to demand better working conditions in the organizations where they work, (Bomers Peterson, 2013, p. 110). They may do this through organizing strikes. The worker's unions may also hold negotiations with the employers for better working conditions. Share the decision-making powers of the management: The workers also tend to quest for involvement by the administration in the decision process. When the firm is formulating strategies, workers usually advocate for their inclusion, to ensure the policies respect their affairs, (Howell, 2011, p. 300). Seek union support: Workers may usually unite to form unions against the organization's management. They, therefore, get support from these unions in matters relating to their affairs. The primary role of the workers union is to ensure the issues of the workers are respected, (Godard, 2011, p. 290). I derived a good illustration of the roles of employees' and workers' union from a discussion I held with one of my friends who is a practicing Nurse. He explained that, in 2015, he joined the Vanuatu Nurses Association to launch a complaint to the Ministry of health about the unfavorable working conditions they were exposed to. They complained that their allowances had not been paid from 2013 to 2015. They also complained that nurses were not being given a fair opportunity for professional development. In addressing this issue, the government through the Labor department engaged the members of the Association in negotiations to solve the problems. My first illustration about the Chinese firm also exhibits the role of the employees in ensuring the health and work safety. The workers went on strike to advocate for fair treatment in the work place. The Government and its agencies. The state and the central government regulates industrial relations through the formulation of laws, rules, awards of court and agreements. The government also works with third parties and tribunal courts to ensure that the employees interests are respected in the firm, (Lansbury Bamber, 2013, p. 36). Roles of the government The government formulates various statutory laws to regulate labor relations. This is conducted through state departments. Procedural rules refer to the process followed by the government in formulating the statutory rules, (Howell, 2011, p. 300). In Vanuatu, issues relating to the interests of employees are addressed by the Department of Labor. This department has several units like industrial relations unit, which regulates the relationship the staff and their employers in the workplaces. For example, in the illustration about the Chinese firm, the workers went to the Labor offices to explain their grievances, which were related to working environment, safety issues, health issues and matters to do with compensation. The officials in the labor offices went to the School and carried out arbitration with the employers, and better solutions were arrived at. The Nurses through their association also went to the Ministry of health. The ministry of health through the Department of labor engaged the nurses in negotiations, which provided solutions to their issues. In Vanuatu, The Employment act provides the procedures to be followed by the employers, in matters relating to employee compensation, safety, and treatment. The Workman Compensation Act also provides a schedule of compensation to the employees. The three actors highlighted above are interrelated, as the employers should ensure respect to employee interests, workers should advocate for safety and better working environment, while the government enacts rules to ensure proper employee-employer relationship. References Bomers, G.B. and Peterson, R.B., 2013. Conflict Management and Industrial Relations. Springer Science Business Media. P. 108-200 Godard, J., 2011. What has happened to Strikes? British Journal of Industrial Relations, 49(2), pp.282-305. Howell, C., 2011. Regulating labor: The State and Industrial Relations Reform in Postwar France. Princeton University Press. P. 200-402 Kaufman, B.E., 2010. The Theoretical Foundation of Industrial Relations and its Implications for Labor Economics and Human Resource Management. ILR Review, 64(1), pp.74-108. Lansbury, D. and Bamber, G., 2013. Technological Change, Industrial Relations, andHuman Resource Management. New Technology: International Perspective on Human Resources and Industrial Relations (London: Unwin Hyman, 1989), pp.3-37. Naidu, S., 2012. The Economic Impact Index of the Employment Relations Promulgation (2007) on the Fiji Islands. International Journal of Business Competition and Growth, 2(2), pp.152-164.

An analysis of the poem titled Ballad of Birmingham

Free Essays on Car Of Steel

They call it a car of steel. That 1985 Dodge Aires, a four door station wagon, that hardly ran, wouldn’t pass the emissions test, and kept running even after you turned the key to the off position. It was hardly worth the two hundred dollars that my friend Elly paid for it. It did, however, get us to where we were going and back home again. Two weeks of going to and from work, running errands and just cruising. We had a lot of fun in that car, but that was all about to change. I will never forget that night. A night filled with laughter and high hopes was quickly replaced with fear, pain and finally thankfulness. I remember it as if it were just yesterday. I can still recall that old maroon bench seat which smelled of cigar smoke and mildew. Elly and I had driven down from her house in Masonville to Fort Collins to return a video to Blockbuster that her mom had rented. We stopped off at Arby’s to get something for dinner to take back to her house. The smell of warm roast beef emanating from that paper bag made my mouth water. I couldn’t wait to eat one. We waited at the light on the corner of Horsetooth and College to make our final stop for the night. As we waited we talked about our plans for the New Year. We discussed what our New Year’s resolutions were and how we planned to accomplish them. We were just having fun, but little did we know that our fun would soon turn into terror. The light signaled that it was our turn to proceed though the intersection. Half way through I saw it out of the corner of my eye. A candy apple red Dodge Neon speeding through the right turn lane headed straight for us. â€Å"Oh God!† I yelled as Elly spotted the car. She then slammed on the brakes. The car hit hard on my side right at the front bumper. As the car crushed under the immense force my seatbelt gave way and I slid all the way across the seat almost landing in Elly’s lap. As we spun 360 degrees we struck a van which had been in th... Free Essays on Car Of Steel Free Essays on Car Of Steel They call it a car of steel. That 1985 Dodge Aires, a four door station wagon, that hardly ran, wouldn’t pass the emissions test, and kept running even after you turned the key to the off position. It was hardly worth the two hundred dollars that my friend Elly paid for it. It did, however, get us to where we were going and back home again. Two weeks of going to and from work, running errands and just cruising. We had a lot of fun in that car, but that was all about to change. I will never forget that night. A night filled with laughter and high hopes was quickly replaced with fear, pain and finally thankfulness. I remember it as if it were just yesterday. I can still recall that old maroon bench seat which smelled of cigar smoke and mildew. Elly and I had driven down from her house in Masonville to Fort Collins to return a video to Blockbuster that her mom had rented. We stopped off at Arby’s to get something for dinner to take back to her house. The smell of warm roast beef emanating from that paper bag made my mouth water. I couldn’t wait to eat one. We waited at the light on the corner of Horsetooth and College to make our final stop for the night. As we waited we talked about our plans for the New Year. We discussed what our New Year’s resolutions were and how we planned to accomplish them. We were just having fun, but little did we know that our fun would soon turn into terror. The light signaled that it was our turn to proceed though the intersection. Half way through I saw it out of the corner of my eye. A candy apple red Dodge Neon speeding through the right turn lane headed straight for us. â€Å"Oh God!† I yelled as Elly spotted the car. She then slammed on the brakes. The car hit hard on my side right at the front bumper. As the car crushed under the immense force my seatbelt gave way and I slid all the way across the seat almost landing in Elly’s lap. As we spun 360 degrees we struck a van which had been in th...

Consumer Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Consumer Culture - Essay Example This is seen through the way they dress, their behavior, voice, hairstyle, or body characteristics (Edwards & Alexander, 2008). An individual’s identity should not be considered from ones behavior but from the way, others react towards you and the ability to keep on going narrative. This essay will focus on how self-identity has contributed to identity construction in the modern consumer society, and how gender identity is constructed, negotiated and presented within a market place. There will be a discussion on issues of masculinity and how they have contributed to gender identity. The existence of a body as a conduit for intentionality and the role of body image body image self-identity. Body The modern consumer society, which is marked with high reflectivity, is conscious of the heightened need for the construction of individual identity. In the modern consumer, society individuals have learnt how to construct, negotiate and represent their gender identity in a market place (Edwards & Alexander, 2008). The centrality in the reflexivity within the modern consumer society has resulted to individuals’ ability to confront and conceptualize their identities. In their quest for self-identity, they always want to know how they should act, what they should be, and what they need to do regarding their gender roles. These questions about what an individual should do and how to behave are always answered from the day-to-day social interaction. Self-identity is not made up of set characteristics but understanding of self-identity is through reflexivity, which creates an understanding of a person’s biography hence representing him as a social actor who has a consistent sense within self (Edwards & Alexander, 2008). This is evident from the way a person interacts with people and the way in which he represents himself in a social setting for example in a market place. Existence of a body as conduit of intentionality The behavioral theorists have publis hed a lot of work that theorizes the relationship between self and the body. Together with other phenomenologist’s course satire and Merleau Ponty recognizes that, a person’s presence in the world means that there is existence of a body, which is a material thing. For the body to exist the process should be dynamic. Existence means that you should always be in action. A person attains correctness and the fullness of existence if he is always active (Edwards & Alexander, 2008). To exist means to perform, Heidegger and Merleau in their ideas about the body as a conduit for intentionality have reversed Descartes’ claims that the certainty of existence is through relocating the locus from† I think† to â€Å"I can†. Death therefore is a transformation from† I can â€Å"to â€Å"I can no longer do†. This issue of death therefore says that there is no activity because there is no life. The account of bodily existence that was highly art iculated in the theories of feminism meant that although there was that essence of the body, the point of view lived in a different manner for both men and women. There was an assertion that there is lack of significance in the biological facts that bring the difference between men and women (Edwards & Alexander, 2008). The image of the body The image of the body is understood with others depending on the image that they create about a person and this plays a great role in the modern consumer society. Several definitions define the body image. It is

Gender and Consumer Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Gender and Consumer Culture - Essay Example The culture of consumption is related with goods and products, where the purchase activities are largely grounded on the quality of the products and the value of its material usage. The difference in style possessed by different genders has therefore often been evaluated during the transitional phase, from pre-industrial economy to an industrialized and capitalistic economy, where the sole aim of the manufacturers was to maximise production and earn higher amount of revenue through the sales (Leonini & Santoro, 2004). It has further been observed that even though production dominated the earlier periods, in the modern era, consumer goods have gained its significance as the supreme factor which influences the purchasing behaviours of both the genders. In this context, shopping malls have replaced individual shops where the rudiments influencing consumers’ purchasing behaviour reflects immensely. Furthermore, from the perspectives of family, woman has been observed to spend thei r earnings towards fulfilling their family needs by a significant extent. Comparatively, men are generally noticed to keep aside a proportion of their earnings for their personal requirements. However, differences have aroused in situations where women are examined to be dependent on the earnings of the male members for the effective accomplishment of their family needs. Recent studies in this regard state that women are more concerned about the welfare of their family and children and thereby prefer spending for themselves after the needs of other family members have been attained. On the contrary, men have been identified to possess individualistic attitudes while considering the consumption choices (Leonini & Santoro, 2004). Emphasising on this conception, the study will evaluate the various factors that determine the consumption behaviour of both the genders. Furthermore, it will focus on identifying the relationships shared between consumption and gender analysing the ways in w hich the gender based perspectives tend to influence the consumption patterns amid customer groups. Literature Review According to Grazia & Furlough (1996), while decorating their homes, women not only focus on furnishings and attractive appliances, but also tend to consider the style and tastes of the other family members. Furthermore, women magazines, furnishings and marriage manuals have been an influencing commodity for the women consumers in deciding the consumption of its products. In relation to the modern day context, the development of departmental stores in major cities has further been observed to have re-defined the experiences of shopping for the female customers which was earlier considered as a highly-skilled task in regard to homemaking (Grazia & Furlough, 1996). However, Felski (1995) argued that although women consider themselves a prime source for decoration of households, they are the most irrational consumers, simply prone to wastefulness and extravagance when e ncountered with the attractive displays of products for sale (Felski, 1995). Thus, it can be stated that even though women are more concerned about family choices while consuming products, they are at times illogical while purchasing products, especially for the decoration purposes. This is because they cannot resist the attractive displays set up in the shopping malls which give them the opportunity to choose from a wide range of products. According to Veblen (1965), consumption is a symbolic act that evolved from the difficult distinction between ‘subordinate working people and dominant leisure classes’

How would a dalang create, produce, and perform The Pandawa's Saga Research Paper

How would a dalang create, produce, and perform The Pandawa's Saga from the Mahabharata using wayang kulit puppetry - Research Paper Example It uses Yudistira, Arjuna, Krishna and Bima as the key characters. They play with other characters in opposition. These include Karna and Duryodana. It depicts two families fighting, each desiring to inherit the throne. The Pandora family believes that they have the right as direct descendants. The Korwaa family opposes this idea since they believe they too have. This play uses the puppets to illustrate the fight to the viewers. The play further uses more characters than those counted (Oscar and Hildy, 2003). The Dalang therefore tries out the play to represent the variety of personalities. The study aims at providing ideas to the Dalang, to make the puppets alive and succeed as the new Dalang. Synopsis The story has its background from the ‘Wayang’ and ‘Kulit’. Wayang in the Indonesian Language means ghost or shadow. On the other hand, kulit refers to skin, hide or leather. The play uses puppets designed from the buffalo hide. It is played in darkness or sh adow to signify the mythical culture of the play. The same can be used in the today’s theatre among the dalang to perform traditional plays. The viewers prefer to identify with the theatre because it is familiar to their traditions. The dalang use the Mahabharata episodes to maintain their traditional lives technical skills to engage the viewers to avoid dozing off. The play is about rivalry between two groups (Hodge, 2000). The puppet player must understand the meaning and epitome of wayang kulit before he or she can play it. The player must distinguish it from the usual puppet play. One fundamental reason for this is that the puppets are hidden from the viewers Instead of showing them the puppets, the Dalang (puppet player) plays as a multiple character as an actor designer and a spirit. He uses the spiritual aspect not only to entertain the viewers but also to educate them about good deeds and wickedness. Statement of the Chosen piece The study selects tradition as the asp ect of investigation. As Harrison (1998) suggests, this aspect is appropriate because it focuses on â€Å"the good† and â€Å"the evil† of the society in the performance. This is based on the presence of the light, darkness (shadow) and the spirit. The puppet player must fully understand the behaviors of the puppets present their traits to the viewers. The puppet is brought in from the back of the light to present magical appearance. The distance from the puppet to the screen is regulated to control how crisper the puppets appear to the viewers (Meyerhold, 1991). The puppets that enter through the light are the â€Å"good† while those that enter through the dark side are the â€Å"evil†. The good characters are Arjuna and Bima. Their rivals are the evil characters. Chosen Aspect of the Play The selected aspect of the play is the traditional criteria in the practice of selecting the new Dalang in the traditions. This is shown in the rules of the play where a woman is prohibited from inheriting the seat of the Dalang. Principally, the Dalang has to select the appropriate music that links properly to the show. The Dalang must be strong and skilled to play, conduct the orchestra and control the distance of the puppets to the screen. The tradition dictates that the music must be an original Indonesian Music for it to qualify for the play. The sounds and the rhythm are very different from the Western styles. The Dalang uses his own feet to knock the rattle to signify the start of the play. The

How The Media Influences Public And Political Opinions Media Essay

How The Media Influences Public And Political Opinions Media Essay This essay will draw on a range of scholars to show and explain how the media have influenced public and political opinion on controversial scientific and technical issues like biotechnology, nanotechnology, cloning and genetic modifications. This essay on the one hand will argue and show how the media exert influences on the perceptions of the public and policy-makers. On the other hand, it will object this notion by showing that the media do not ultimately determine public and political opinions. Finally, a conclusion will be drawn and ideas for further research in this field will be highlighted. Plein (1991) explains that biotechnology refers to the use of recombinant DNA techniques, cell fusion and bio-processing techniques to modify life forms for various research and commercial uses (ibid: 474). Biotechnology and other technical scientific issues have attracted intense media attention that it has become a fundamental aspect of an everlasting public and political debate. According to Hansen (2006), discourse and research about biotechnology began to gain prominence in the 1990s and as a result of the increasing public and political controversy surrounding biotechnology, a wealth of studies has examined the nature and evolution of public discourse on genetics/biotechnology representations in press, film and other media (ibid: 816). Durant et al (1998) describe biotechnology as the third strategic technology of the post-war period (ibid: 189). Durant et al (1998) describe biotechnology as strategic because it has been seen to carry the potential to transform our future (ibid: 189). Biotechnology is said to possess benefits like new diagnoses and therapies to eliminate diseases, new crop varieties to eliminate world hunger (Durant et al 1998: 189), whilst feared for its threats to biodiversity (see Durant et al, 1998). A controversial scientific issue like biotechnology was in its early stages surrounded by scepticism and disputes. According to Nelkin (1995), one of the earliest disputes over biotechnology applications focused on the field testing of ice minus, genetically altered microbes intended to inhibit water crystallisation and protect strawberries from frost injury (Nelkin, 1995: 58). Nelkin (1995) emphasised that environmental groups were worried over the health hazards that this novel technology posed. Nelkin (1995) explained further that news reports of the ice minus test presented images which were striking and provocative (ibid: 258). Nisbet and Lewenstein (2002) point out that modern biotechnologys thirty-year old history has been inherently political (ibid: 360). The media are at the fore-front of this political controversy concerning biotechnology. Nisbet and Lewenstein (2002) state that the mass media comprise the principal arena where policy relevant issues come to the attention of decision-makers, interest groups and the public (ibid: 360). This is perhaps why Nisbet and Huge (2006) noted that media coverage is likely to both reflect and shape policy debate (ibid: 14). In policy processes at first instance, the influence of the media comes in early as they determine what issues will be addressed by the policy-makers. These issues are usually generated by mass fear and scepticism created by the media. In the early stages of political policy processes, the influence of decision-makers can be direct when they manage to keep decision making behind closed doors from public or media attention (Nisbet and Lewenstein, 2002: 361). However, the progress of such clandestine decision making often results in the mobilization of bias (Nisbet and Lewenstein, 2002: 361). That is, decisions made only reflect the interest of certain members over others (see Nisbet and Lewenstein, 2002: 361). Nisbet and Lewenstein (2002) explain that if this interest succeeds in controlling media and public attention, then it has succeeded in controlling media and public agenda (Nisbet and Lewenstein, 2002: 361). However, Nisbet and Lewenstein (2002) point out that if such issues appear in the media and an interest can define their stand as well as alternatives available for discussions (ibid: 361), then they have succeeded in delimiting arguments that oppositions can make and screening them off from participation (Berkwitz, 1992, cited in Nisbet and Lewenstein, 2002: 361). This therefore relates to controversial scientific issues where different media frames are created by conflicting groups in order for their voices to be heard by the public and policy-makers. Nisbet and Lewenstein (2002) importantly note that policy-makers are aware of the importance of the media in influencing policy outcomes. Nisbet and Huge (2006) identify framing as a key mechanism used by the media to influence public and political opinions. Nisbet and Huge (2006) emphasise that frames are thought organisers, devices for packaging complex issues in a persuasive way by focusing on certain interpretations over others, suggesting what is relevant about an issue and what should be ignored (Ferree et al, 2002, cited in Nisbet and Huge, 2006: 11). Frames are hence the tools that the media use to successfully exert influences on political and public attitudes towards biotechnology and other controversial scientific issues. The frames help guide policy-makers and citizen evaluation about causes, consequences of an issue and what should be done (Ferree et al, 2002, cited in Nisbet and Huge, 2006: 11). In the case of biotechnology which attracted negative media coverage in the 1990s (see Nisbet and Huge, 2006); media frames could however be an antidote to suppress the negativity associated with it. These frames will act as an educative tool to reduce public scepticism and influence political opinion. Nisbet and Huge (2006) emphasise further that plant biotechnology has been ethically framed in a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦promotional light, emphasising the moral duty to pursue a gene revolution that could end world hunger (Nisbet and Huge, 2006: 11). Plein (1991) emphasised that biotechnology today is being associated with positive economic themes such as patent rights, international trade, research funding and regulatory policy (Plein, 1991: 475). This is as a result of the efforts of a well-organised coalition to define biotechnology in positive terms (ibid: 475). This has also been achieved by brilliant media-agenda setting techniques which have influenced public and political opinion positively. One will emphasise that this is because these well-organised agenda-setters present the beneficial aspects of this controversial technology to the media and the media in-turn influence positively the notions of biotechnology in political and public fronts. Plein (1991) importantly notes the reason for the decline in biotechnology scepticism was due to its application to the fields of agriculture, industry and medicine (Plein, 1991: 476). Marks et al (2007) however, pointed out that the news medias coverage on the medical features of biotechnology has been positive compared to that of the agricultural features. In fact, Marks et al (2007) stated that negative public opinion regarding agricultural biotechnology reflects the power of the news media. On the other hand, Plein (1991) pointed out that as a result of poor-organisation in the years of 1968 to 1980, the pro-biotechnology community were exposed to a hostile climate of opinionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Plein,1991: 475). This negative influence on public and political opinions concerning biotechnology was as a result of scientists being primarily interested in scientific freedom and protection from regulatory intrusion by government (ibid: 476), rather than use the media to educate citizens on the blessings of biotechnology which would hence influence positive political and public opinions. Nevertheless, the 1980s marked a turning point in biotechnology history (Plein, 1991: 476) as it turned from being a dangerous pursuit of another weapon in Americas competitive arsenal (ibid: 476) to being a technology deserving inexhaustible accolades. Biotechnology has been made to be seen by citizens as one of the biggest scientific successes through brilliant agenda-setting techniques. In fact, Nelkin (1987: 40) emphasised that in the media ,biotechnology underwent a metamorphosis from a runaway science of genetic engineering to a new technological frontier (cited in Plein, 1991: 476). In the political arena, the climate of opinion changed dramatically as biotechnology and its features began to dominate policy processes (see Plein, 1991). One can say therefore that well organised media campaigns can revolutionise an issue that was before deemed dangerous and harmful to the society. Plein (1991) further explains that the ability of biotechnology to be defined in positive terms was as a result of its alliance with well-established groups which provided an opportunity for mediation and therefore influenced public and political opinion. Plein (1991) noted that the cultivation of support with well-established groups and businesses provided a better atmosphere for policy considerations and media coverage which hence reduces public scepticism. This therefore reflects the influential power of the media. For instance, a well established group like the London biotechnology network, a network of over 800 organisations which began in year 2000 has further helped reduce biotechnology scepticism through mediation (londonbiotechnology.co.uk). Plein (1991) writes further that another reason for the positive media influence on public and political opinion was as a result biotechnology supporters to disassociate biotechnology from negative issues such as environmental risk and ethical ambiguity (Plein, 1991: 480). This further provided an opportunity for media coverage as scientific groups were able to frame biotechnology in terms of its benefits to economic growth and development. Plein (1991) explained that these groups were also able to use the media to increase political support as they predicted that biotechnology can play an important role in reversing Americas declining role in the global market place (ibid: 481). One will assert that such prediction makes biotechnology a topical issue for the media as its coverage on it will garner more support thereby pushing policy-makers to take biotechnology into important consideration. Biotechnology proponents have also been able to frame this technology in the media as not being novel or alien; rather it is a benign, incremental technology (Plein, 1991: 481). Therefore, it has been able to disassociate itself from common fears that it is a new form of technology fraught with dangers (ibid: 481). Biotechnology has also been seen to dominate media agenda because of its association with already media-worthy topics (a period where science reporting became on the increase); therefore it has been able to draw the media to its side thereby communicating to the public and policy-makers the blessings of this technology. Hence, it influences a positive public and political opinion. This technology according to Plein (1991) has been able to attract favourable media coverage because of its ability to undercut the positions of anti-biotechnology groups. The coverage of this conflict further boosts the confidence of citizens and policy-makers that biotechnology is indeed beneficial. However, Plein (1991) importantly notes that such well-organised coalition frames are never secure in its fortunes (ibid: 484). That is, the issues and events that attracted media coverage and gave biotechnology its stamp of legitimacy will likely pass (ibid: 484). This is because other questions will emerge which cannot be effectively answered and therefore the medias coverage of this debate will influence public and political scepticism. This might be due to the emergence of competition among proponents of biotechnology (ibid: 484) who have issues with differing priorities and agenda (ibid: 484). Hence, the controversy is re-built by the media as such scandals and conflicts add sensation and spice to their stories thereby creating and influencing public and political uncertainty. Scientists have even pointed out that their major reason for involving the media in biotechnology issues is for it to utilize its influential power in public education (Nisbet and Lewenstein, 2002: 363). This is important as such education will reduce public and political fear. Nisbet and Lewenstein (2002) also pointed out that scientists are not only the ones involved in capitalizing on the medias influence. Nisbet and Lewenstein (2002) explain that in the early 1980s, media coverage was characterized by biotechnology promotion. Nisbet and Lewenstein (2002) showed that even policy-makers after being influenced also attempted to shape biotechnology strategically to influence positive public opinion. This is because policy-makers after being educated and influenced considered biotechnology development critical to domestic economic growth, international competitiveness and global security (Krimsky, 1991, cited in Nisbet and Lewenstein, 2002: 364). These considerations are therefore sounded-out more by the media, thereby exerting influences on public opinion. In fact Nisbet and Lewenstein (2002) point to a 1984 OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY (OTA) assessment report that uncritically characterized biotechnology as a possible solution to many of the worlds health problems including; malnutrition, disease, energy availability and pollution (cited in Nisbet and Lewenstein, 2002). These characteristics will be highly reflected in the medias report agenda and will hence influence positive public opinion. However, biotechnology opponents were also active in using the media to present it as being associated with environmental risks and hazards. This is perhaps why Nisbet and Huge (2006) stated that as a result of the agenda-setting techniques of biotechnology opponents in the 1990s, the media attention garnered by them increased the controversy and scepticism towards this technology. Nevertheless, as part of the power game of politics, advocates for biotechnology still aimed to frame biotechnology positively in order to gain favourable coverage and hence influencing public and political attitudes. Priest (2001) emphasises that journalists have been accused of only covering the controversies associated with biotechnology as this is reflected in public attitudes towards it. Since news serves as a primary source of risk communication (Marks et al, 2007: 184), it only goes to show that the coverage of the risks of biotechnology will influence the publics idea of it. Marks et al (2007) state that it is the media who spark up public concern about a potential hazard (ibid: 184). Biotechnology has been accorded media attention and such media dominance influences the priority accorded to it by the general public (McCombs and Ghanem, 2001: 67, cited in Marks et al, 2007: 184). Priest (2001) states further, that even institutions within the biotechnology industry seek to use the media to frame public perceptions of policy issues in ways they feel will be to their advantage as well (Plein, 1991, cited in Priest, 2001: 31). This further proves the influential power of the media. Priest (2001) importantly notes that the medias influence on the public will determine the influence on public officials. This is because public officials tend to respond in line with that of the public. In fact, Priest (2001) affirms this as she writes that when the U.S public responds with vigor to particular perceived threats to public safety, this often seems to come as a shock to stakeholder corporate interests and government officials alike (ibid: 52). Durant et al (1998) alike, explain that with the development of biotechnology, public debate and criticism increased and in response, policy processes became sensitive to public opinion. The generation of public debate towards this issue can be tied to the media who as a result of the news-worthiness of this technology, cover its merits and de-merits which influences public and political opinion. However in Lewenstein (2005)s account, the medias influence on policy-makers does not automatically lead to an influence in public attitudes. This could be seen in the attempt of policy makers and activists attempting to generate a positive consensus towards a G.M Nation. Contrary to what policy-makers might have hoped for, given the intense media coverage which it attracted, no consensus was reached. Nevertheless, Bauer (2002)s research from 1996 to 1999 confirmed that opinions of biotechnology became negative which was in line with the medias coverage of biotechnology during this period (see Bauer, 2002: 103). Nucci and Kubey (2007) in their account emphasise that the media play a vital role in the public awareness and understanding of new innovations in science in the genetic engineering of food products for human consumption (Nucci and Kubey, 2007: 149). Nucci and Kubey (2007) write that the experience that the majority of the public have with genetics and biotechnology means that news coverage has a strong influence on theses subjects (Nucci and Kubey, 2007: 149). In fact, Priest (1999) emphasises that the media possess the ability to influence public opinion on science and technology than other issues (cited in Nucci and Kubey, 2007: 149). In fact, Nucci and Kubey (2007) noted that the PEW foundation found that the U.S publics knowledge of G.M food tends to be driven mostly by the degree to which it is covered by the media (PEW INITIATIVE ON FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2006 cited in Nucci and Kubey, 2007: 171). This further proves the argument that indeed the media is responsible for influencing public and political opinion on controversial scientific issues. A specific example of the media having an influence on political opinion was the period of the great G.M food debate (P.O.S.T, 2000). The publics suspicion about it drove the media to campaign against G.M foods which led to a heated public debate. However, it should be carefully noted that the power of the media influencing political processes should not be overstated as G.M food was already a major controversial issue in the British Parliament (P.O.S.T, 2000). In a specific case-study concerning G.M foods; Larry Bohlen in 2000 suspected that StarLink a genetically modified corn variety that had been approved for animal feed had began to mix with common food products such as corn dogs, taco shells and tortilla chips (cited in Nisbet and Huge, 2006: 4). Bohlen predicted that this mixture will lead to serious allergic reactions (cited in Nisbet and Huge, 2006: 5). Bohlen was able to capitalize on this media-worthy issue to influence public and political opinion. Despite attracting press attention, it did not gather the public and political attitudes it needed to disapprove G.M foods. On the other hand, recent news stories have shown that G.M foods are becoming acceptable and popular. Despite the scare for G.M food, the Royal Society has argued that G.M food research was needed to urgently avoid food crisis as this will help crops survive harsher climates as populations grow and global warming worsens (Guardian.co.uk, 21/10/09). G.M food is being developed further as meat is being laboratory grown from cells. Scientists at the University of Technology in Eindhoven confirmed that in a few years long strips of this artificially grown meat will become a part of our everyday frank-furter sausages. However it is agreed that this will only be achieved through super-human advertising before the world can accept to eat genetically modified meat (Guardian.co.uk, 1/12/09). In addition to biotechnology, other technologies like cloning and nanotechnology have become part of an increasing controversy. According to Lee et al (2005), media coverage on nanotechnology could have affective and cognitive influences on public opinion. Lee et al (2005) explain that the cognitive influences on public attitudes towards nanotechnology are based on the extent of the scientific literacy of the reader. Lee et al (2005) explain that those who have been influenced more affectively may be tied to media influences. This is perhaps why Lee et al (2005) in their research even confirmed that only science media use had direct influence on general support for nanotechnology (ibid: 253). However, Cobb (2005) pointed out that framing nanotechnology in terms of its benefits did not increase respondents trust in industry leaders (ibid: 233). The Wellcome Trust (1998) found that peoples negative attitudes towards cloning was drawn from examples expressed in popular media culture. Science fiction films were part of the major influences on peoples attitudes towards cloning. For example, Frankenstein, Brave new world and the boys from Brazil (Wellcome trust report, 1998). In conclusion, one would have to state that reading newspaper articles or any medium being consumed that ascribes all sorts of accolades to biotechnology, nanotechnology, and cloning does not necessarily determine a positive public attitude. As Lee et al (2005) found that people use their knowledge about science in general in order to evaluate possible risks and benefits (ibid: 260). Finally, one will suggest that studies of biotechnology should move past the western world into the third-world were food crisis are on the increase in order to show whether the scepticism towards artificially made food is a western ideology. Number of words: 3,285.

Pollution Essay examples -- Environment

Pollution Pollution is the introduction of harmful substances or products into the environment. It is a major problem in America and as well as the world. Pollution not only damages the environment, but damages us also. It has cause many problems ranging from lung cancer to the greenhouse effect. It is all among us but we continue to live in our own filth. What is the reason behind this flawed logic? In this paper I will examine the problems and solutions for this issue. Automobiles are undeniable the greatest source of pollution. The noise pollution created by cars is immense. Another polluting effect of cars is the heat it creates. This heat makes it unpleasant to be near the car while its running. And of course the most famous of the automobiles evils is the exhaust. The toxic fumes given off as a byproduct of the combustion engine are slowly deteriorating our lungs and our atmosphere. The exhaust is extremely toxic to human beings. But why do we do continue to drive these walking time bombs. Some people will say it is progress, but the majority drives it for the convenien...

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle of Bits, Pilani-Dubai Campus for the International Aerial Robotics Competition 2011

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle of BITS, Pilani-Dubai Campus for the International Aerial Robotics Competition 2011 Saurabh Ladha, Deepan Kishore Kumar, Robin Singh ,Pavitra Bhalla, Anant Mittal, Aditya Jain, Anshul Upreti, Prof. Dr. R. K. Mittal, Dr Anand Kumar Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-Dubai Campus, Dubai, UAE ABSTRACT The Intelligent Flying Object for Reconnaissance (IFOR) is an autonomous aerial vehicle that has been developed by BITS Pilani Dubai Campus students.The vehicle is capable of localizing itself using the SLAM algorithm, stabilize its attitude (pitch, roll and yaw) and altitude using PID controllers, plan paths around obstacles and navigate an unknown indoor environment with wall following guidance. In addition, it has been designed to be capable of pattern recognition which would enable it to recognize images and signs. These features enable the IFOR to execute the 6th mission of the International Aerial Robotics Competition, which involves scanning an unknown indoor arena protected by laser barriers and cameras, bestrewn with obstacles, in the search for a flash drive. 1.INTRODUCTION The field of robotics is witnessing a paradigm shift in the operation and use of robots. With robots becoming autonomous and intelligent day by day, their application and use has increased tremendously. Aerial robots specifically have an edge over other autonomous vehicles due to its higher degrees of freedom in motion and agile maneuverability. To tap these features and advance the applications and versatility of the quadrotor is the aim of the team. 1. 1 Problem Statement The 6th mission of the IARC requires teams to infiltrate a military facility from which a flash drive has to be retrieved and replaced by a decoy.This flash drive is placed in the ‘Office of the Chief of Security’, identifiable by a unique Arabic pattern. To reach this room, a vehicle must explore a ‘maze’ of rooms avoiding randomly placed obstacles alon g its path. In addition it must also avoid detection by a camera and laser barriers placed within the arena. Once the target pen drive is found it must retrieve the object after dropping a decoy in its place, the entire mission must be performed in under 10 minutes. 1. 2 Conceptual Solution Team IFOR will be using a quadrotor as its aerial vehicle to execute the 6th mission.The vehicle will use wall following guidance to explore the maze, whilst a path planning system shall continuosly scan the environment to plan optimum paths around obstacles. Localization in a global frame can be accomplished using the SLAM algorithm, the output of which can be used by a Drift Control system to Page 1 of 10 correct unintentional drift. The Image processing routine runs in parallel to find recognizable patterns in its surrounding. Ground Station Wi- ­? Fi 2. 4 GHz Hokuyo scanning laser range finder Camera Guidance, Navigation, Control - ­? Mission planner - ­? Wall following guidance - ­? Path planning  ­? Target retrieval - ­? Pattern matching CoreExpress breakout board Intel Atom Z530 Image recognition Analog 72 MHz Safety Pilot Inertial Measurement Unit - ­? MEMS gyro sensors - ­? 3D magnetic compass - ­? 3 axis accelerometer ARM7 Microprocessor Stability Augmentation System - ­? Altitude hold - ­? Attitude hold Motors Sonar Altimeter Figure of Overall system architecture 1. 3 Yearly Milestones In the second year of the 6th Mission, Team IFOR intends to fly autonomously, navigate through the arena, and implement drift control, path planning and image processing(limited to recognition of the pen drive and signboards).SLAM will serve as a base system for the IFOR to successfully run all other systems that are directly dependent on the localized coordinates. Flash drive retrieval mechanism will be developed in the following year. Page 2 of 10 2. Air vehicle The team is using an off the shelf quadrotor from Ascending Technologies, the Asctec Pelican Quad rotor. The Pelican weighs about 980 g and has a payload capacity of 500 g, ideally suited for covert missions. The Asctec Pelican quadrotor and the propeller action. 2. 1 Propulsion and lift system The quadrotor is a Vertical Takeoff and Landing (VTOL) rotorcraft which is propelled by four rotors.By appropriately changing the rotor speeds the quadrotor can pitch, roll or yaw. Each of the four propellers produces a downward thrust about the centre of the blades and a torque about the arm of the quadrotor. The quadrotor can be flown either in diamond configuration where the pitch axis is the diagonal of the quadrotor or in square configuration where the axis of the pitch is parallel to two adjacent propellers. If all the four propellers spun in identical directions and speeds, the quadrotor would yaw about its centre of mass.To stabilize this yaw, the two sets of propellers spin in opposite directions and balance the angular momentum generated by the other two propellers. Pitch, in a square configuration, is achieved by reducing the speeds of two propellers (A and B) and increasing the speeds of the two propellers (C and D), this pitches the quadrotor in the direction of A and B. Roll is achieved in a similar way, by increasing speeds of propellers A and D and reducing the speeds of B and D, this rolls the quadrotor in the direction of B and D. 2. 2 Guidance Navigation and Control Control The quadrotor, by nature, is an aerodynamically unstable system.It hence demands to be one that is mechatronic in nature with its dynamics being controlled by PID generated control signals. This automatically calls for the Page 3 of 10 implementation of a feedback system to monitor the quads’ deviations from the desired response. The Asctec Pelican already has a PID controller implemented to control the attitude (pitch,roll and yaw). The Inertial Measurement Unit(IMU) readings are used as inputs for these loops, in addition, yaw control also uses the inputs generated by the magentometer. 2. Stability Augmentation systems The instability of the quadrotor arises from the fact that the aerial vehicles dynamics are electronically varied, which leads to a delay for the mechanical system to respond due to inertial reasons. The commanded attitude is delivered by use of the PID loops already described. In addition we have also implemented an altitude PID controller which can be described as below: Altitude Output = Kc         ? #               +                  1&'      ? #      ()   +*(()   ? +) ?- is the difference between the desired altitude and actual altitude . The MaxSonar LV sonar altimeter is used to for readings on the altitude.A drift control mechanism is also required since milligram imbalances in weight apart from other factors cause a quadrotor to drift unintentionally, the drift control is accomplished via a separate set of loops which can be described as follows: Pitch Output Roll Output = Kc         ? +               +                  1;'      ? +      ()   +*(()   ? +                      = Kc         ?. +                  1&'      ?. ()   +*(()   ?. ) ?/ is the difference between desired pitch and actual pitch ? 0 is the difference between desired roll and actual roll Kc is the controller parameter, from which Kp (Kc * 1), Ki (Kc / Ti) and Kd (Kc ** ) values are obtained.The require the Zeigler Nicholls Tuning method was used to generate optimum values for Kp Ki and Kd. R(s) + – Controller Gc(s) Measured Output System Input Process Gp (s) Control Output Sensor H (s) s: transfer function parameter Figure of control system architecture Page 4 of 10 The three loops described in this section are implemented on the Intel Atom board which is on board the vehicle. 2. 4 Navigation The quadrotor begins ascending and finds the window opening using feature detection. Once the window has been detecte d, the arena is infiltrated after checking whether the camera is on or off.Once inside the arena, the quadrotor moves close to the right wall and performs right wall following algorithm to explore the indoor arena. SLAM forms the base upon which the quadrotor extracts its local coordinates for adjusting drift of movement and also aligns itself with the wall to continue its navigation. The mission planner sets the direction in which the vehicle must move. 2. 5 SLAM The term SLAM is an acronym for Simultaneous Localization and Mapping. SLAM is concerned with the problem of building a map of an unknown environment by a mobile robot while at the same time navigating the environment using the map.SLAM consists of multiple parts; Landmark extraction, data association, state estimation, state update and landmark update. The team has developed a program that extracts data directly from the laser sensor and implements SLAM real-time using CoreSLAM libraries. CoreSLAM is a fully developed sim ple and efficient algorithm, which can perform SLAM using data just from a laser sensor. Due to its computational simplicity, it can easily be used on-board the vehicle. It integrates laser information in its localization subsystem based on particle filter, using two main functions: †¢ †¢ The scan o map distance function, which acts as the likelihood function used to test each state position hypothesis (particle) in the filter. The map update function, used to build the map as the robot is going forward. It uses a very simple Monte-Carlo algorithm to match the current scan with the map to get the updated (x,y) coordinates of the robot position estimate at all times during the mission. This localization is then provided to other higher-level modules such as drift control, path planning and mission planning. Page 5 of 10 2. Flight Termination System The quadrotor though autonomous in its flight can also be manually commanded to abort the flight.A safety kill switch mechanism has been developed in order to attain this safety feature. The kill switch will override all other running programs in the quadrotor and gradually reduce the throttle to zero so that the quadrotor can land safely. The Pelican has a built in termination system in which, the vehicle lands the moment the transmitter falls out of range. This feature is used for Flight termination via a kill switch which shuts the transmitter off and hence causes the vehicle to land. . Payload 3. 1 Sensor suite 3. 1. 1 GNC Sensor Asctec 3D MAG is a triple axis magnetometer that determines the vehicles heading by measuring the earth’s magnetic field. A Hokuyo-Light Detection and Ranging Device is used to scan the environment for SLAM, navigation and obstacle avoidance. A SONAR altimeter is used to measure the altitude of the quadrotor. The quadrotor’s sensory system includes an Inertial Measurement Unit comprising of a Triple axis accelerometer and a MEMS gyrometers. Each of these electroni c components perform crucial role in the flight stability, control and navigation. . 2 Mission sensor 3. 2. 1Target identification The image processing module of the quadrotor is capable of detecting the blue LED which indicates whether the camera is on or off, this is accomplished via blob detection. In addition, it is also capable of detecting signboards using Optical Character Recognition. 3. 2. 2 Obstacle detection and Avoidance The threat avoidance system of the quadrotor is directly a subroutine of the Path planning module. This sub routine identifies obstacles, classifies them as threat if they are in the intended path of travel.On finding an obstacle in the scan, the algorithm proceeds to suitably finding a path that would avoid the obstacle with the minimum possible deviation from the original path. We define a safe distance(the safe distance is contingent on the aerial vehicle’s kinematics) from an obstacle and a minimum clearance width, a scanning range of ? degree s in front of the quadrotor is calculated to be sufficient to identify the existence of an obstacle. If in this scanning angle range, a point is found to be too close to the quadrotor it is declared as an Page 6 of 0 obstacle. This is the point at which the â€Å"growth algorithm† takes over the navigation of the quadrotor. The growth algorithm and path planning are represented as follows: Reduce each scan by ? , thereby ‘growing ‘every obstacle If adajecent points lie too close then reduce by secondary factor ? Considering the quadrotor to be a point calculate the longest free path Assign imporatnce factor to di? erent clear paths based on of deviaRon from original path and total length Yaw towards the set path and pitch forward Repeat unRl no obstacles are found 3. Communications The vehicle communicates with a base computer via an Xbee module over the Zigbee protocol in order to deliver telemetry data. The other communication links include a WiFi link to delive r real time video to the base station. Both of these links operate at 2. 4 Ghz. Finally, a safety pilot can take control over the vehicle at any time using a Futaba radio controller operating at 72 Mhz. 3. 4 Power system The quadrotor is powered by an 11. 1V Lithium Polymer Battery. A power board is used to distribute power and communication lines to all motor controllers and other systems on board.This power board comprises of a switching power regulator to generate a stable Page 7 of 10 6V supply for the Auto Pilot board and a high power MosFET to switch current ON and OFF. 4. Operation 4. 1 Flight preparation Each flight test is performed with utmost precaution following the mentioned safety procedure which ensures a safe and smooth flight of the quadrotor. 4. 2 Checklist 1. Double Check LiPo battery voltage using voltmeter. 2. Examine the propellers, safety mounts, nuts and screws for any damage. 3. Test communication link between the quadrotor and the Ground station 4.Enable sa fety pilot and check kill switch action before flight. 5. Check status LED’s 4. 3 Man/Machine interface The Intel atom board which is on board the vehicle can be accessed via an LVDS display, this also allows other HMI devices like a mouse/keyboard to be connected. 5. Risk reduction 5. 1 Vehicle status Two status LEDs allow for a check on certain critical vehicle states. The Red LED blinking indicates that the sensors are being initialized and calibrated. Once the sensors are calibrated a green LED blinks rapidly indicating the flight control software is running. In case the battery voltage drops below under 9. volts a loud tone is emitted, with the beeping becoming faster as the voltage drops. 5. 2 Shock / Vibration isolation The Asctec Pelican is built on a carbon fiber frame which has a large value of Ultimate Tensile Strength; that is it can withstand a large amount of impact without necking. The quadrotor is also fitted with soft cushioning pads below the arms to ensure that any impact is cushioned. EMI/RFI Solutions Page 8 of 10 The quadrotor’s vital components that do not communicate wirelessly are wrapped with aluminum foil paper, which does not allow for Electromagnetic interference from the wireless devices.This simple solution is based on the principle of a Faraday’s cage. Sensitive components like these are also placed above all other devices. RFI is less in the vehicle as all the computation happens on board. Safety The IFOR is equipped with landing gear designed in a manner to deflect shock from the electronic system. The propellers are also covered, which ensures safety to both bystanders and the vehicle in case of a mishap. The ON/OFF switch on board is designed active low, so if for some reason the mechanical switch breaks or looses connection the vehicle will remain ON.However this mechanism is overridden by the safety kill switch. Modeling and Simulation The intelligence of the quadrotor was extensively tested for robust ness before and after burning the codes onto the on board processor. Image processing was developed from scratch to meet the requirements of the competition. The PID controllers were tested on Lab View. Testing Device / Routine HOKUYO LIDAR SLAM Cameras Drift Control Conclusion BITS Pilani Dubai Campus had developed IFOR to become a fully autonomous quadrotor that will be able to successfully accomplish the tasks of the IARC.The IFOR’s intelligence system comprises of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping algorithm for the bot to get localize itself in its environment, achieve drift control using a simple PID controller on each of the pitch, roll and altitude controls, this ensures that the flight operation to be steady without considerable oscillating variations. The navigation of the quadrotor is dependent on the wall following algorithm along with the mission planner. Obstacle avoidance ensures that indoor environments can be explored regardless of the Page 9 of 10 Testing Tested while running the intelligence software.Real time execution and experimentally determined accuracy of localization. Pre flight and On Flight testing for image processing Onboard as well off board testing for suitability to tuning presence of obstacles. Finally, image processing enables the quadrotor to scan for patterns, edges and symbols and make corresponding control outputs to maneuver the quadrotor to reach its target room with the flash drive. References 1) Johnson, E. N. and Schrage, D. P. , â€Å"System Integration and Operation of a Research Unmanned Aerial Vehicle,† AIAA Journal of Aerospace Computing, Information and Communication, Vol. 1, No. 1, Jan 2004, pp. –18. Durrant-Whyte, H. ; Bailey, T. (2006). â€Å"Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM): Part I The Essential Algorithms†. Robotics and Automation Magazine 13 (2): 99–110. Andrew J. Davison. Real-time simultaneous localization and mapping with International Conference on Com puter V i s i o n ( I C C V ’ 0 3 ) – V o l u m e 2 , 2003. a single camera. Ninth IEEE 2) 3) 4) Chowdhary, G. V. and Johnson, E. N. , â€Å"Theory and Flight Test Validation of Long Term Learning A d a p t i v e F l i g h t Controller,† Proceedings of the AIAA Guidance Navigation and Control Conference, Honolulu, HI, 2008. 5) 6) Michelson, R. Rules for the International Aerial Robotics Competition 6th Mission, http://iarc. angelstrike. com/IARC_6th_Mission_Rules. pdf Hoffmann,    G. M. , Huang, H. , Waslander, S. L. , ; Tomlin, C. J. (2007). Quadrotor Helicopter Flight Dynamics and Control Theory and Experiment. AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference and Exhibit, 20(23), 1- ­? 20. Point Grey - ­? Imaging - ­? Firefly MV CMOS USB 2. 0 / FireWire Camera. (n. d. ). Point Grey CCD and CMOS Digital Cameras for Industrial, Machine, and Computer Vision. Retrieved June 1, 2010, from http://www. ptgrey. com/products/fireflymv/index. asp 7) Page 10 of 1 0

William Faulkners Spotted Horses and Mule in the Yard essays

William Faulkners Spotted Horses and Mule in the Yard essays Spotted Horses and Mule in the Yard are two short stories by William Faulkner that deal with comedic animal chases. Although both provide entertaining examples of Faulkners work in very similar settings, on the scale of literary value, Spotted Horses rises above Mule in the Yard in depth and insight. This superiority is result of both its narrative style and character development, which causes Spotted Horses to produce an overall more powerful effect than Mule in the Yard. The most notable and important difference between the two stories is the contrasting narrative style. In Spotted Horses, the story is told in first person point of view by a narrator who observes the major events of the story but is involved in only a minor fashion. His narration provides the audience with a look at the town and its inhabitants through the eyes of someone living in the county of Mississippi. This adds a realistic dimension to the image of the story. It is also through this narrative style that Faulkner weaves humor into Spotted Horses. The narrator shows the story in a comic light simply through his words right from the introductory paragraph. For example, the audience is introduced immediately with a casual Yes, sir. Flem Snopes has filled that whole country full of spotted horses. You can hear folks running them all day and night, whooping and hollering, and the horses running back and forth across those little wooden bridges ever now and then kind of lik e thunder. (349) In contrast, Mule in the Yard is told in the objective viewpoint. With this type of information, the reader can only observe what is seen and heard. Therefore, it follows that the reader must infer everything about the characters and their motivations from only their actions and dialogue. Faulkner weaves humor into the story through...

A Friend of Jims

A Friend of Jims A Friend of Jims A Friend of Jims By Maeve Maddox Theo Smith writes: I am often frustrated by what I call a double possessive. We seem to say and write friends of Jims not friends of Jim when the item possessed   is stated before that which possesses it. But when the possessor is identified first, we say, for example, Jims friends. Whats up with this? The double possessive appears in that of indicates possession and so does the apostrophe s (s) appended to the possessor. What can you tell me about this?    This double genitive construction includes both a friend of Jims and a friend of his. Its one of those English idioms that tries the souls of logic lovers, but it has been in the language for a very long time because it works. The double genitive makes it possible to distinguish between definiteness and indefiniteness. It also eliminates ambiguity. For example, theres a distinct difference of meaning between the following phrases: a photo of Daniel a photo of Daniels Although in use since Chaucers time or before, the double genitive attracted the attention of 18th century grammarians; their disapproval did nothing to stamp it out. Modern style manuals offer guidelines. According to the Chicago Manual of Style, The possessive form may be preceded by of where one of several is implied. â€Å"A friend of Dick’s† and â€Å"a friend of his† are equally acceptable. 7.29 The AP Style Book goes into more detail: DOUBLE POSSESSIVE: Two conditions must apply for a double possessivea phrase such as a friend of Johnsto occur: The word after of must refer to an animate object, and The word before of must involve only a portion of the animate objects possessions. Otherwise, do not use the possessive form of the word after of: The friends of John Adams mourned his death. (All the friends were involved.) He is a friend of the college. (Not colleges because college is inanimate). For a linguists take on the double genitive, read Mark Libermans Genitive Anxiety. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Contronyms (Words with Contradictory Meanings)"Confused With" and "Confused About"7 Sound Techniques for Effective Writing

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 31

Business Ethics - Essay Example Virtue theory encompasses the individual behavior of an individual in the wider realm of character to benefit self and others. It is similar to utilitarianism that supports the happiness of person irrespective of societal conventions unless it affects their acceptable moral concepts. However, in terms of addressing values, deontological ethics differs from other theories because it is concerned with one’s obligation or duty to do good (Trevino & Nelson, 2011). In other words, while virtue theory espouses a consequence as a result of contravening tolerable values, it imposes penalties on the person. This is different from deontological ethics or utilitarianism that largely focuses on the maximization of utility. According to Mill who started utilitarianism, reducing suffering through happiness is the role and responsibility of a person unlike the deontological perspective of attaining a good feeling as a duty. Similarly, in explaining moral concepts and values, all the theories concur especially in organizations on the need for workers to practice proper ethical conduct irrespective of the immediate gain. It, thus, becomes part of an organizational culture where morality emanates from each individual. Another interesting aspect of the theories involves the possible ramifications in cases of slow implementation especially in organizational contexts. In my personal experience, for example, I think virtue theory explains ethics better than utilitarianism does to morality. This is because while the former revolves around character traits and habits of an individual, utilitarianism is an innate feeling that lacks respect for either good or bad. Contrastingly, while moral concepts in society are defined by people and culture, deontological ethics fails to demonstrate how free will contributes to a universal conduct found in most companies. It also fails to acknowledge the basic tenets of managing ethical challenges especially when they

Grupo ABC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Grupo ABC - Essay Example (Pederson, 2007) Nizan also created ties with influential leaders who encouraged on innovation and solutions to worlds pressing challenges ABC involvement in social causes is sustainable and has great benefits to companies. ABC involvement in projects like using creative media that is equipped with talented and creative personnel will help provide a large platform for the company. (Pederson, 2007) ABC engagement in social causes has various impacts on the society. This helped in important issues in the society. It has helped give raise to a better society through mobilization of quality education, change the way people live, and change their relationship. (Berger, 2001)Good education has helped reduce inequality, eradicate social injustices and provide opportunities. ABC considers certain skills in an investor. Investors should be creative and ambitious .they should also be talented in production of quality video and sounds. Selling of shares by ABC to the public through an IPO should be considered since it will propel the company’s financial capabilities to grow at a faster rate. It will also help Nizan senior collaborators to become partners in the parent company. (Pederson,

Facebook use benifits and risks Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Facebook use benifits and risks - Research Paper Example These teenagers have brought with them the much needed attention deriving regime which is so very important for this age population in the current times. The benefits of using Facebook for the teenagers is that they remain busy in one chore or the other whilst being on a page, at a friend’s wall or even while viewing photos. The negative is that they find out just too much for their liking. The element of gossip within the teenagers is derived from the feed that they witness or post on the Facebook. Facebook is such a big phenomenon in their social circle that they cannot live without it. They believe that their whole life is dependent on the good and bad points that come attached with Facebook in essence. There is a good amount of research available that infers the fact that Facebook is creating waves for all the right and wrong reasons. Delving deep into the benefits of Facebook, one should understand that Facebook is a complete experience for the teens of today. They can gain so much from it that one can only fathom about. The positives are in the wake of understanding how they get to become friends with people they have just met in real life, and at times too when they have not even met an individual; they are connected in a virtual world through Facebook. The positives are endless and the bounties that come attached with it are aplenty. Facebook educates the users to have a smooth flow of the website which is indeed a social networking tool (Greenfield 2008). The Help section represents the manner in which steps are detailed in a sequential way. The step by step procedures are such that one can comprehend a great amount of knowledge and information from the manual that is embedded within Facebook. Also the amount of information that they receive with regards to their favorite eateries, products, events and servi ces is something that one can see as a major positive within the thick of things. Facebook educates,

What Is the Significance of Grading Sysytem Essay Example for Free

What Is the Significance of Grading Sysytem Essay With the implementation of the K to 12 Basic Education Program, the traditional numerical values in the report cards of students will no longer appear. Instead, the Department of Education (DepEd) will be using a new grading system to assess and rate learning outcomes of students in public elementary and high schools. Effective this school year, DepEd said parents and student will no longer see numbers in the report cards of students from Grades 1 to 10. Based on DepEd Order No. 31, Series of 2012, or the â€Å"Policy Guidelines on the Implementation of Grades 1 to 12 Basic Education Curriculum (BEC) Effective School Year 2012-2013,† Education Secretary Armin Luistro ordered public schools to implement the K to 12 BEC, particularly on Grades 1 and 7 which will be most affected by the new curriculum, and challenged schools â€Å"to implement the guidelines in creative and innovative ways for the curriculum can be localized without compromising the philosophy of total learner d evelopment. † â€Å"The new grading system seeks to measure the students’ level of proficiency at the end of each quarter,† Luistro said. â€Å"The assessment process is holistic and aims to ensure the quality of student learning with emphasis on formation and development,† he explained. DepEd, Luistro said, â€Å"will also release another separate order with more details on the new rating system.† In the new grading system, letter â€Å"A† will reflect as highest the grade; letter â€Å"P† as second highest; and letter â€Å"B† as the lowest. Luistro explained that the letters actually represent â€Å"levels of proficiency as abbreviated†. To rate the learning outcome of students, teachers will be giving a grade â€Å"A† (â€Å"Advanced†) to students with 90 percent and above rating; â€Å"P† (â€Å"Proficient†) to students with 85 to 89 percent rating; â€Å"AP† (â€Å"Approaching Proficiency†) to s tudents with 80 to 84 percent rating; â€Å"D† (â€Å"Developing†) to students with 75 to 79 percent rating and â€Å"B† (â€Å"Beginning†) to students with 74 percent and below rating. Luistro said that teachers will still measure students’ progress with numerical values, but their letter equivalents above will be used in report cards â€Å"so that the focus will be less on competition and more on achieving standards of learning.† At the end of the quarter, Luistro explained that the performance of students shall be described in the report card based on the level of proficiency. When the teacher gives â€Å"B† it means that the student â€Å"struggles with his/her understanding; pre-requisite and fundamental knowledge and/or skills have not been required or developed adequately to aid understanding.† Students given with â€Å"D† are those that â€Å"possess the minimum knowledge and skills and core understandings but needs the help throughout the performance of authentic tasks† while those given â€Å"AP† are students that have â€Å"developed the fundamental knowledge and skills and core understandings and with little guidance from teacher and/or with some assistance from peers, can transfer these understandings through authentic performance tasks.† Those that are given â€Å"P† are students that have â€Å"developed fundamental knowledge and skills and core understandings and can transfer them independently through authentic performance tasks† while students given with â€Å"A† are those that â€Å"exceeds the core requirements in terms of knowledge, skills, and understandings and can transfer them automatically and flexible through authentic performance tasks.† Luistro said that the assessment process to be used is holistic, with emphasis on the formative or developmental purpose of quality assuring student learning. â€Å"It is also standards-based as it seeks to ensure that teachers will teach to the standards and students will aim to meet or even exceed the standards,† he added. Luistro added that student performance will still be assessed at four levels, including Knowledge with 15 percent; Process or Skills with 25%; Understanding with 30%; and Products/Performances with 30 % with a total of 100%. The results of the student’s performance, Luistro added, will be summed up based on these levels to come up with a numerical value. â€Å"The corresponding level of proficiency will appear on the report card at the end of the quarter,† he explained. At the end of the four quarters, Luistro explained that the Final Grade for each learning are shall be reported as â€Å"average of the four quarterly ratings, expressed in terms of the levels of proficiency.† Also, he said that â€Å"the general average will be computed based on the final grades of the different learning areas, and will be expressed in terms of the levels of proficiency with the numerical equivalent shall appear in parenthesis.† Luistro also stressed that promotion and retention of students shall be by subject meaning those students whose proficiency level is â€Å"B† at the end of the quarter or grading period â€Å"shall be required to undergo remediation classes† after class hours so that they can immediately catch up as they move to the next grading period. â€Å"If by the end of the school year, the students are still at the ‘B’ level, then they shall be required to take summer classes,† he said. Meanwhile, some parents and students – particularly those who are grade-conscious – expressed reservation to the new grading system. When showed that sample report card to Mylene Cuevas, mother to fourth year high school (Grade 10) student Liza Mae, she was confused. â€Å"Kung ganito ang gagamitin na grading system, ano ang mangyayari sa ranking ng mga bata? Paano pipiliin kung sino ang magiging first at second honors? (If they will use this grading system, what will happen to the ranking of students? How will they choose who will be the first or second honors?)† she asked. Last school year, Liza Mae ranked second honor. This year, she is eyeing to be the first honor to increase her chances to avail of scholarships once she enrolls in college. â€Å"Kasi sa scholarship or discounts sa tuition, mas malaki ang coverage kapag first honor or valedictorian ka. Kapag ganito ang grading, (letters instead of numbers), mahirap ang ranking, (In getting scholarships or discounts in tuition, bigger coverage is given if you’re first honor or valedictorian. If letter grades will be used, ranking will be more difficult),† she said. The DepEd, on the other hand, said that when it comes to honor students, â€Å"they shall be drawn from among those who performed at the Advanced Level.† â€Å"We will come up with subsequent guidelines will be issued as basis for ranking of honors,† Luistro assured. Meanwhile, Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) Episcopal Commission on Youth (ECY) Executive Secretary Fr. Conegundo Garganta called on the DepEd to look into the possibility of using idle buildings as a way of addressing classroom shortage. Garganta said the government can use idle buildings, such as those that have been sequestered by the government, to house additional classrooms. â€Å"Maybe the government can use their police power to ask permission to use these abandoned structures,† he said in a church-organized forum. (With a report from Leslie Ann G. Aquino)

Ipad Is The Best Tablet Computer Science Essay

Ipad Is The Best Tablet Computer Science Essay IPad a computer that is a type of a tablet, and it was developed by the Apple Company. Apple designed and marketed the IPad especially for the media which include books, periodicals, movies, music, and games. Another purpose of the Apple to design the IPad is to provide general web and email access. The size and weight of the IPad that are about 700 grams is contemporary among all the smart phones and the laptops. Apple introduces the IPad in April, 2010 and on this release Apple sold about three million IPads in the first eighty days. The operating system of the IPad is almost the same as the operating system of the IPod Touch and IPhone. As the I Phone the IPad is also managed and controlled by the multi touch display that is sensitive to the fingertip contact and up to eleven fingers. IPad is different among the previous tablet computers in a way that previous tablets used the pressure triggered a stylus on the other hand IPad can run not only the I Phone applications, but also ru n its own specific applications, but IPad can only run Apples approved programs and the programs that have in its online stores. IPad for the browsing of the internet, load and stream media and for the installing of software uses the Wi-Fi or a 3G mobile data connection. (Introduction of IPad, (2011)) Hardware Screen and Input: The display of the IPad is the liquid crystal and it touch screen is the about 25 cm. It has fingerprint and scratch resistant glasses the users can use their bare fingers to use it like the IPhones. The users of IPad cannot use the normal gloves and styli because they dont pass on the electrical conductivity, but in market special gloves and styli are available that can be used for the IPad. IPads display screen responds to the two sensors such as an ambient light sensor and 3-axis accelerometer that are respectively adjust the screen brightness and sense IPad orientation. The 3-axis accelerometer also used to switch between portrait and landscape mode. (Introduction of IPad, (2011)) Connectivity: IPad can use wireless or wired connection for the wireless purpose it can use Wi-Fi network trilateration from the skyhook wireless this provide the IPad applications location information the applications such as Google maps and for the wired connectivity it has a dock connector. IPad has a 3.5 mm TRS connector audio that provides the stereo sound for the headphones and two internal speakers. IPad has also a microphone for the purpose of voice recording and a built in Bluetooth 2.1 and EDR interface that not only allows the wireless headphones but also keyboard with all this connectivity devices IPad has 1024768 VGA video output that connect the IPad with the television or other external devices. (Introduction of IPad, (2011)) Power and Battery: The batteries that IPad used is from the Taiwan by Simplo Technology and Dynapack International Technology it is an internal rechargeable lithium ion polymer battery and its adapter is of USB 10 W power and it comes in three internal storage sizes flash drive that are 16, 32 and 64 GB it also have camera connection kit with an SD card reader but the problem is that this card only be used to transfer the photos and videos. (Introduction of IPad, (2011)) Software: As describe earlier IPad can only run the software that are available in the Apple online stores and these software written by the IPads developers theses developers have to pay for the license. IPad has a feature that it can run all the iPhones applications in it modified the screen resolution according to the program or applications. (Introduction of IPad, (2011)) Applications: IPad has many applications in it some of them are Safari, Mail, Video, YouTube, iPod, iTunes, App Store, iBook, Maps, Notes, Calendar, Contacts and Spotlight search and form these many application are the improved version of the iPhones applications. (Introduction of IPad, (2011)) Why IPad is The Best Tablet? IPad is the best tablet it can be seen from the fact that more and more companies are introducing IPads that have more and more extraordinary features in them. (Svensson, (2012)). As a report shows that when we talk about the tablet IPad is still the best tablet according to Chitika firm analytics when the people views for the tablet they mostly viewed for the IPad analytics report IPad page views have 87 percent share of the activity on the internet while searching for the tablet and it is for its features that it has. (Reyes, (2013)). IPad is the best tablet in a way that it consumes less power it has some features that is useful for the customer that is it has accelerator in it that horizontally and vertically adjust the screen and also a light sensor which prevent the human eyes from the rays. It is a multi-tasking device. IPad is the best tablet because it can be beneficial for the academics like the teachers, students use it as a paper replacements because by using the IPads the one can preserves the formatting and also use it to display the figures, diagrams, different images and different types of charts. The teachers can use it to describe different concepts that cannot be understood theoretically by giving the online examples in front of the Students. This not only clears the concepts of the students, but also enhance the capabilities in them and also the self-confidence. Students can use IPads to do work at nights easily because it is comes in approximately 10 inch screen and also less heavy than the traditional computers. IPads screen resolution also low because it has LED screen that is not harmful for the eyes. You can read the whole books on the IPads. (Golub, (2010)). IPad has the built in apps in them that is very useful for the people that use it like Google chrome, Facebook, Adobe Photoshop, Microsoft outlook etc. These in built apps useful for all the people like office employees, students, and teachers. People can easily search the content they want and get connected with the people. IPad the best tablet because by using its store app one can have access to the television streaming and the movies. One can download the books easily and also can read the internet content when you are not online by saving the content in a reading list. It is a very useful app that can be used by the people. (Parkhurst, (2012)) IPad is the best tablet in a way that its different apps are very useful in the daily and tough routine of the peoples like in the tough working routine IPads video apps is a very useful app to refresh yourself by watching movies or listen to the good music in front of a tiny screen instead of the large screen obviously we cannot compare the TV with the IPad, but watching movies or your different shows on the IPad tablet making feel you closer and real. Many devices like Apple TV or the Xbox 360 helps to overcome the difference between the content that is on the internet and the TVs that you use in your living room but when you are getting use to of the device like IPad that have speed and convenience then it is difficult to switch off to the technology that is not as convenient and responsive. (Sintumang, (2012)). By using the different magazines and news apps the house wives can enjoy the fashion news, gossips and also keep pace with the world by updating their minds from the news apps. (Caplan, (2012)). The feature that makes IPad best tablet is because it is a device that has all the features in one. Its different apps for engineers and accountants are also a prominent feature. Its journal apps like My Own Diary HD, iJournaler and Max Journal for IPad is very use full for the offices employees. By using these apps you can easily enter the entries in the journal and after completion it is automatically update the date and the ease is that you can export it not only by emailing but also by the file sharing like text files, PDFs. (Wolfe, (2010)) Whenever you want to go anywhere for a long time and want to take all your necessary office items, your books and other things with you but you also want to reduce your packing then what is the way? One easy way is that you can use your IPad. By using the IPads you can have all your books, your maps and also you can use your IPad as your travel guide if you are going for an outing. If you want to know the best places of the country you are going to then by using IPad you can search the latest reviews about the countrys best hotels, finest places and it is not only a time saving process but also more timely and reliable. (Rawlinson, (2011)) Conclusion: As the above discussion clearly shows that the IPad is the best tablet as the first paragraph shows describes the point that in different reports shows that IPad is still the best tablet when the people search for the tablet and thats why the companies are launching the new versions of the IPads and increase the features for the people convenience and for providing them all the ease that they can in terms of technology. First paragraph shows some outlook features of IPad that is its size, its accelerator and light sensor. The second paragraph shows the importance of IPads in the academics that is it is very useful for the student, teachers like the teachers and student can use it for the paper replacement they can use IPads to writing the notes and displaying the figures, graphs and charts. The teachers can use the IPads to explain the concepts to the students that cannot be understood theoretically. The third paragraphs shows that IPads have different built in apps in them like Micr osoft outlook, Facebook, Google Chrome that help the people to stay in touch with their loved ones and for increasing the social network. These apps are also useful for the people in the office to search the material they are looking for and to increase their working capabilities. Fourth paragraph describes that the store app of the IPad is useful to store the books and download them easily the people can also save the online content in a reading list and can read it even if you are not online. Fifth paragraph describes that the IPad can be used as a refreshment tool by watching movies and listening music on it as in the tough working routine IPad is very useful to refresh the mind. Sixth paragraph shows that the IPad app of magazines and news is very prominent app as the house wives and the office going people can keep them updated by the daily news. Seventh paragraph describes the apps for the engineers and accountant that they can use different apps to overcome their work load an d make the work easy for them. Eight paragraph shows that IPad can used as a tourist guide that it can help you to locate the different places and the best restaurant of the country you are going. You can use the IPad to reduce your bulk packing as it provides you the apps and features that helps you in all your way.