Jewish Women: Keeping the Faith :: Essays Papers

Jewish Women Keeping the Faith Jewish women in Tucson and Nogales played an enormous role in keeping the Jewish community inherent in these areas. Women in these communities did this through their involvement in the apparitional institutions, including synagogues and separate places of worship. The pioneer Jewish women and the Jewish women of today in the southwest had and still feel dominant roles in keeping their religion alive in Arizona. To understand the breadth of womens involvement in the development and maintenance of the religious organise in southern Arizona, specifically Tucson and Nogales I talked to a few individuals who discussed their experiences. Esther Capin and Bette Cooper are Jewish women from Nogales who grew up there during the time when Jews were first coming to that area. Theodore (Ted) flowerings family has played a significant role in the history of the Jewish community in Tucson. His grandmother, mother, aunt, and now his wife have truly l ight-emitting diode the way in keeping the Jewish religious tradition alive in Tucson. Finally, Alma Bongarten lives in Tucson and shared with me information about her own role and other womens roles in the Jewish synagogues. These people together helped me piece together a very clear vision of womens involvement in the religious aspect of the Jewish community in southern Arizona. Their involvement includes keeping the religion alive without the presence of a tabernacle, building the first synagogue in Arizona, generally being active members of the temples, bringing the lost traditions back, and by being more present in the synagogues as religious leaders and figures. Jewish women in early Tucson and presently in Nogales have kept their religion alive without the presence of a synagogue. When Terese Marx Ferrin, Ted Blooms grandmother, first came to Tucson there was no temple or any place of worship for the Jews of the community. Regardless of this setback, the Jewish tra dition was still present. Terese took it upon herself to keep the Torah, the religious book of Hebrew laws, in her own home. It was considered a great honor to house this sacred book. Not only did she house the Torah, but Terese would also host services at her house because of the absence of a synagogue in Tucson.

One Summer’s Transformation :: World Cup Korea Sports Soccer Essays

One Summers Transformation Never in my life before have I been so proud to say that I am Korean. I call myself Korean-American, but before I used to consider myself to be more American than Korean. I live in this country, verbalize English, and am fully immersed in American culture. America is my home, and I am proud of that. However, the same could not be said of my Korean heritage. I was never ashamed, but neither did I feel any particular pride in it. That was the case until this summers World Cup 2002, co-hosted by lacquer and Korea. Though not an extremely passionate soccer fan before, I started to watch the world cup with increasing interest. The first day when the USA m unstoppable Portugal, whose team consisted of Luis Figo, one of the worlds best soccer players, Rui Costa, Sergio Coneicao, and a pool of the best European talent, I was happy. However, then well-nighthing remarkable happened to me. The next day, I woke up at seven oclock in the morning to watch the Sou th Korea vs. Poland match. I had never seen an Asian team play with so much rank against a tough European team. I was really excited to see Korea win the match 2-0. During those final extra minutes of the match when I knew Korea was way out to win, a seed of pride was planted in me. From then on, I was nothing but an avid Dae Han Min Guk (South Korea) fan. The ESPN sportscasters said that they had never heard so much cheering in their lives before, and I felt the same exactly the same as the fans in the stands. It was the first Korean win in atomic number 23 world cup appearance. The next match was played between Korea and the USA. I woke at two oclock in the morning to watch with some of my friends. This time I wished for a tie because I loved both the USA and Korea. To my surprise, the game actually did end in a tie. Both my favored teams were most likely on their way to the second round. During the final game of group play, Korea beat Portugal in dramatic fashion. The winning goal by pose Ji Sung, an upcoming star, was polled by the FIFA website, the official website of the tournament, to be one of best of the World Cup.

The Fellowship of the Rings :: essays research papers

The Fellowship of the RingsBook ReportI want to premise you to, The Fellowship of the Rings, by J. R. R. Tolkien. It is the first book to the Lord of the Rings, written by Tolkien. The settings in this book changed many times from the hills of the Shire, where the hobbits live, to the deep darkness of the mines of Moria. The book shortens function in Middle Earth, which is described by Tolkien as a mysterious place that is full of good and evil. The way Tolkien described each place is atrocious and it is as if you were looking at a picture and copying it down into your head. The setting in the book is very important to the story. It kept me thinking and inquire what was going to happen next, which made me read more and more. I couldnt even begin to describe the setting of the whole book, so I generally mentioned some of the major locations that took place in the book.In the book, the Protagonist is Frodo Baggins, a hobbit from the Shire who becomes the Ring-bearer. The Antagon ist is Sauron, the Dark Lord that forged the One Ring to take over Middle-Earth. In the fellowship, aside for the ring-bearer, are three other hobbits, Samwise Gamgee, Peregrin Took and Meriadoc Brandybuck, three of Frodos closest friends. There is also Gandalf, the wizard Legolas Greenleaf, son of the Elf fagot of Northern Mirkwood the dwarf Gimli, son of Gloin Aragorn, son of Arathorn, and heir to the throne of Gondor and Boromir, oldest son of the Steward of Gondor. They all have some talent or purpose in aiding Frodo in the quest.As the action rises the mood is often tense with suspense and a sense of doom. They are in constant danger, always being watched or hunted. The hobbits convey their precious homes and travel through the Old Forest to get to Bree, where they meet Aragorn and he aids them in their journey. All five later leave for Rivendell and the mood is quite tense with the Black Riders hunting them down. On the way, they stop at Weathertop, where Frodo is, unfortuna tely, stabbed with a Morgul blade. Luckily, they all get to Rivendell safely with the help of Glorfindel, an elf. The fellowship continues on their quest to get rid of the ring and was forced to trudge through Caradhras in order to avoid the dark and secret way.

The Publishing of Written Materials: Newspapers, Magazines and Books :: Publishing Publish Essays

The create of Written Materials News bases, Magazines and BooksPublishing as an industry is in constant dialogue - a true back and forth - with the surrounding culture commercially, technologically, and artistically. It has changed greatly since the early 1800s and particularly during the 1900s. These changes have occurred in relationship to evolving aspects of American life, and so the factors unrivaled must consider are m either literacy and compulsory education, legal ownership of the actual words to be published, modes of production and distribution, availability of resources such as paper and printing equipment, the ideas which generate the written word, the presence of a reading public and the questions it asks, and surrounding social events - war, money, immigration, reconstruction of the South.A brief early historyPublishing begins in US when Stephen Day issues the Bay Psalm Book in 1640 from his press in Cambridge MA Printing under state control in colonial times, and bookselling seldom an independent vocation before 1850. In the early years of the Colonies, Cambridge, Mass., had the sole privilege of printing, but the monopoly was broken in 1674, when Marmaduke Johnson, who had come everywhere to print an Indian Bible (1663), moved his press to Boston. Gradually others followed - Philadelphia had a press in 1685 New York City, in 1693. It was difficult for the colonial printer, as for any small printer, to produce large works because of a shortage of type but patronage by the government helped to give his products a dignified style. Almanacs, primers, and honor books were the staples of book production works of theology formed the leading category. Until 1769 American printers bought their presses from England, but thereafter they acquired their equipment and supplies, including ink and paper, domestically. Books were sold in various waysby subscription, by the printer himself, by hawkers, and through shopkeepers. Though Massachusetts passed a law against hawkers in 1713, it carefully excluded book peddlers, who had a valuable function in rural areas.

Fourier Series :: physics fourier

Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier (March 21, 1768 - May 16, 1830) was a French mathematician and physicist who is best known for initiating the investigation of Fourier series. He was born at Auxerre in the Yonne dpartement of France, the son of a tailor, and was educated by the Benedictines. The commissions in the scientific corps of the army were reserved for those of good birth, and beingness thus ineligible he accepted a military lectureship on mathematics. He took a prominent part in his own district in promoting the revolution, and was rewarded by an appointment in 1795 in the Normal school, and subsequently by a chair in the Polytechnic school. Fourier went with Napoleon on his Eastern military expedition in 1798, and was made governor of Lower Egypt. Cut off from France by the English fleet, he organized the workshops on which the French army had to rely for their munitions of war. He also contributed several mathematical papers to the Egyptian Instit ute which Napoleon founded at Cairo, with a view of weakening English influence in the East. by and by the British victories and the capitulation of the French under General Menou in 1801, Fourier returned to France, and was made prefect of Isre, and it was while there that he made his experiments on the propagation of heat. He go to Paris in 1816. In 1822 he published his Thorie analytique de la chaleur, in which he bases his reasoning on Newtons law of cooling, namely, that the flow of heat betwixt two adjacent molecules is proportional to the extremely small difference of their temperatures. In this work he claims that any functions of a variable, whether continuous or discontinuous, can be expanded in a series of sines of multiples of the variable - this result isnt correct at all. But the fact that some discontinuous functions are the sum of absolute series was a breakthrough. The question of determine when a function is the sum of its Fourier series has been fundamental fo r centuries. Lagrange had given particular cases of this (false) theorem, and had implied that the method was general, but he had not pursued the subject. Dirichlet was the first to give a satisfactory demonstration of it, with some restrictive conditions.

Fourier Series :: physics fourier

Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier (March 21, 1768 - May 16, 1830) was a cut mathematician and physicist who is best known for initiating the investigation of Fourier series. He was born at Auxerre in the Yonne dpartement of France, the son of a tailor, and was educated by the Benedictines. The commissions in the scientific corps of the army were reserved for those of good birth, and being thus ineligible he accepted a military lectureship on mathematics. He took a prominent part in his own district in promoting the revolution, and was rewarded by an appointment in 1795 in the Normal school, and subsequently by a chair in the Polytechnic school. Fourier went with Napoleon on his Eastern expedition in 1798, and was made governor of Lower Egypt. Cut off from France by the English fleet, he organized the workshops on which the French army had to rely for their munitions of war. He also contributed several numerical papers to the Egyptian Institute which Napoleon founded at Cairo, with a view of weakening English influence in the East. After the British victories and the capitulation of the French under General Menou in 1801, Fourier returned to France, and was made prefect of Isre, and it was while there that he made his experiments on the propagation of heat. He moved to Paris in 1816. In 1822 he published his Thorie analytique de la chaleur, in which he bases his reasoning on Newtons law of cooling, namely, that the flow of heat between two adjacent molecules is proportionate to the extremely small difference of their temperatures. In this work he claims that any functions of a variable, whether continuous or discontinuous, can be expanded in a series of sines of multiples of the variable - this result isnt correct at all. But the fact that some discontinuous functions are the sum of infinite series was a breakthrough. The inquiry of determine when a function is the sum of its Fourier series has been fundamental for centuries. Lagrange had deceasen particular cases of this (false) theorem, and had implied that the method was general, but he had not pursued the subject. Dirichlet was the first to give a satisfactory demonstration of it, with some restrictive conditions.

Exam 1 Study Guide – Marketing 360

Chapter 1 Overview of grocerying * Inertia to Passion * * 80/20 Rule * 80% of profits come from 20% of consumers * Economies of home plate * The more than you make of roundthing, the less it costs per unit * i. e. smallsoft Office 2014 * Wholesale Costco * Understand Marketing Mix (4 Ps)/From Customer Perspective 4 Cs * Marketing Mix A combination of the product itself, the scathe of the product, the place where it is made available, and the activities that introduce it to consumers that creates a desired response among a set f predefined consumers * Marketing Mix consists ofMarketer Consumer Product Customer Solution Price Customer Cost Promotion Communication Place Convenience * Exchange * Pg. 12 Occurs when a person gives something and gets something else in return. The buyer receives an object, service, or idea that satisfies a essential, and the seller receives something he or she feels is of equivalent value * pot currency * Trade services * Trade behaviors * Exchang e Value * Criteria for a Market A commercialize consists of all the consumers who share a common need that can be satisfied by a specific product and who suck in the resources, willingness, and authority to make a purchase * returns Time, Place, Possession, Form, Info * Utility The usefulness or benefit consumers receive from a product * Time Utility Storing products until they are needed * Place Utility Making products available where customers want them * Possession Utility Allowing the consumer to won, use, and enjoy the product * Form Utility Transforming raw materials into finished products * What is Value?Comp one(a)nts of Value * Value Benefits a customer receives from buying a good or service * Value from the customers perspective Price and benefits * Value from the sellers perspective Is the exchange profitable to them, has it made capital * framing Value Goal is to satisfy customer all over and over again so that they can build a long-term relationship rather than conscionable having a one night stand * Customers have value Firms recognize that it can be very costly in terms of some(prenominal) money and human effort to do whatever it takes to keep some customers loyal to the company.Samsung Distribution ChannelVery often these actions pay off, but there are cases in which care a customer is a losing proposition * Lifetime value of a customer How much profit they expect to make from a particular customer * Provide value through matched advantage Distinctive competency- a firms capability that is superior to that of its competition * Value from societys perspective * Customer Satisfaction Model * Customer Equity * Combined customer lifetime value of all customers Firing Customers * Sustainable competitory wages * Competitive Advantage Ability of firm to outperform competition, providing customers with benefit competition cant * Identify distinctive competency (firms capability superior to competition) * turn back distinctive competency into distinguishableial benefit (important to customers) * Sustainable Competitive Advantage * Distinctive Competencies Differential Benefits * The Value Proposition * Philosophies (eras) Societal Marketing Orientation (New Era) multiply Bottom Line * Emphasis on satisfying broader needfully of society (employees, stockholders, etc. ) This is like market orientation by there is a niggling something more * Being concerned with social issues doing things better for society and being genuinely concerned * Building long-term relationships * Also referred to as the triple bum line * purlieual, social and financial bottom line * Building long-term relationships, not just satisfying a one time need * i. . McDonalds * Ronald McDonald note firm * Using paper hamburger cases vs. * If the bottoms (financial, social, environmental) become the norm, it becomes the merchandising orientation * Marketing (customer) Orientation * A company that practices the merchandise concept. Determinin g and then satisfying consumer needs and wants at a profit * Selling Orientation * Getting the product out the door Reducing inventories.Product supply is greater than demand * Getting extra products out the door, the decisions you make will reflect on what orientation you will use * One time purchases, do not establish relationship with the customer * Competitor Orientation * Focus is on competitor intelligence. Learning and reacting to what the competition is doing * i. e. Lowes Wherever there was a Home Depot, they would place a Lowes * Product Orientation * Emphasis is on making the product better, production efficiencies.Best when demand surpasses supply * How is this different from a merchandise orientation? NOT asking what the customers want, making what they want. (Its going to be cool and youre going to want it) Chapter 2 Strategic Planning * Mission, Marketing Myopia * Mission line of reasoning describes organizations overall purpose * How should we develop firms cap abilities? * What products and benefits can we create for customers? * What business are we in? * What customers should we serve? Avoid marketing Myopia Having a really narrow mission statement, or being short sided * SWOT ANALYSIS Assessment of Organizations internal and impertinent environment SWOT Analysis, SWOT interactions * * External Environment Identify opportunities and threats to firm from consumers, competitors, scrimping, etc. Internal Environment Identify strengths and weaknesses in firms employees, technologies, facilities, finances, etc. Leverage Strengths + Opportunities * photograph Strengths + Threats * Constraint Weaknesses + Opportunities * Problem Weaknesses + Threats * Portfolio Analysis Portfolio Analysis a management tools for evaluating a firms business mix and assessing the effectiveness of its SBUs * Individual units inside a company Nike Swimming within Nike * SBUs (Strategic Business Units) Individual units within a firm, each having its own missi on, objectives, resources, managers and competitors * BCG Matrix Star, Dog, Question Mark, Cash scare * Boston Consulting collection (BCG) Growth Matrix Analyzes the potential of products to generate cash for a firm. Tells managers which products they should grow * i. . Different Products Owned by Larger Firm * Strategies for each(prenominal) Portfolio * Business Portfolio Stars * High industry growth * High relative market share * Consider potential to stay star * Requires much investment * Generates relatively high revenues * Cash Cows * Low industry growth * High relative market share * They are not disbursement a percentage of money to communicate with consumers, they are just bringing in business * Economies of scale and high profit margins * Requires less investment * Generates relatively high revenues Helps you tolerate other businesses and launch other business/ventures * Question Marks * High industry growth * Low relative market share * Consider potential to be sta r * Requires too much investment * Generates relatively low revenues * i. e. Samsung Galaxy how to move it over to get more money? * Spending more money with less or a market share in comparison to other products * Dogs * Low industry growth * Low relative market share * Generates little profits * Fish or cut bait * Either get rid of it or reinvent it determine a bare-ass use for it.Find a way that it has never been used before * **Exam Question** Selling cutting boards, more pot are cooking at home, market for cutting boards (market growth rate) is high. Company makes bamboo cutting boards, has 10% market share * Relative to competition * Product-Market Growth Matrix * Marketers use the product-market growth ground substance to analyze different growth strategies pg. 52 (the left of the table would read MARKET EMPHASIS with New Markets on the bottom left and Existing Markets on the top left) PRODUCT EMPHASIS Existing Products New ProductsMarket Penetration StrategySeek to incr ease sales of existing products to existing markets Product Development StrategyCreate growth by change new products in existing markets Market Development StrategyIntroduce existing products to new markets Diversification StrategyEmphasize both new products and new markets to achieve growth * Strategic Alternatives Market Penetration Market Development Product Development Diversification * Market Penetration Growth strategies numbered to increase sales of existing products to current customers, nonusers, and users of competitive brands in served markets * Market Development Introduce existing products to new markets (geographic area, or it may mean reaching new customer segments within an existing geographic area) * Product Development Strategies Create growth by selling new products in existing markets.May mean extending the firms product line by developing new variations of the item, or it may mean altering or improving the product to provide enhanced performance * Diversific ation Strategies Emphasize both new products and new markets to achieve growth. Chapter 3 Marketing Environment * frugal Environment * Marketers must understand economy and business cycle * Level of Economic Environment LDC, Developing Country, Developed Country * Level of economic environment the broader economic picture of a country * Deciding whether or not a country will be a good prospect * LDC Least Developed Country A country at the lowest stage of economic development * In most cases, its economic base is agriculture * Africa and South Asia * Standard living is low and so are literacy levels * Developing Country When an economy shifts its emphasis from agriculture to industry, standards of living, education, and the use of technology rise * The future market for consumer goods like skin care products and mobile phones * Developed Country * Boasts sophisticated marketing systems, strong private enterprise, and bountiful market potential for many goods and services * Econom ically advanced and they offer a wide rand of opportunities for international marketers * Competitive Environment Marketers must know what competitors are doing (Competitive Intelligence) * Micro vs. Macro Competition * Macro Overall industry, big picture Monopoly one seller controls market, some companies sued for owning a monopoly * Oligopoly junior-grade number of sellers, each with large share of market, i. e. cars * Monopolistic Competition (we often see this as consumers) Many different sellers each offering a different benefit and each having a small share of market, i. e. soaps * Perfect Competition Many small firms all offering similar products, no influence (rare) * Micro environmental competition Competition for $s with products in the same class, what product alternatives will consumers choose * Competes on 3 levels * For discretionary income how are people spending disposable income * Product competition different products meeting the same need, i. e. ravel * Br and competition same product trying to meet the same need, i. e. treadmills * Competitive Market Structures Perfect Competition, Monopolistic Competition, Oligopoly, Monopoly * See Competitive Environment * Levels of Competition Brand (Direct), Product, Total Market Competition (Discretionary Income) * See Competitive Environment * technological Environment how does this change industry? * Understanding the impact of technology on all aspects of the business * Distribution * Inventory Control * Communication, etc. * Political/ good Environment/federal official Legislation (Acts) * Legislation that influences business. Make sure people compete fairly. Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) mean to eliminate monopolies by prohibiting price fix or predatory pricing * Vertical price fixing When a manufacturer tells a retailer to sell at a fixed price * Vertical price fixing overturned by supreme court 2007 * Horizontal price fixing When companies get together at the same level and agree to sell a product at the same price (Illegal) * Predatory price fixing setting prices low to drive others out of business (Illegal) * Clayton Act (1914) Prohibits tying contacts, take one product must take others * Nike Violation of this act, LeBron shoes Florida sued Nike for not delivering the shoes on time for withholding * Federal Trade Commission Act (1914) * Created the Federal Trade Commission to monitor unfair practices * Socio cultural Environment * Refers to the characteristics of the society, the people who live in that society, and the culture that reflects the value and beliefs of the society * Whether at home or in global markets, marketers need to understand and adapt to their customs, characteristics and practices * Ethnocentrism The belief that ones own norms and the products made in ones country are superior * Bias occurs because we tend to use our own cultural frame of reference to judge other people * Ethnography Researcher lives with people they are studying * D emographics * Statistics that measure observable aspects of a population * Population size * Age * Gender * Ethnic Group * Income * Education * Occupation * Family structure * Social Norms * Specific rules dictating what is right or wrong, acceptable or unacceptable * What ways to dress, how to speak, what to eat and how to behave * Cultural value * Deeply held beliefs about right and wrong ways to live, that it imparts to its ingredients * Talking about sex in public * Product Standardization vs. Localization Advocates of normalization argue that the world has become so small that basic needs and wants are the same everywhere * A focus on the similarities among cultures is certainly sympathetic * Realize large economies of scale because it could spread the costs of product development and promotional materials over many markets * Consistent exposure also helps create a global brand because it forges a strong, unified image all over the world * Advocates for localization feel tha t the world is not that small you need to run up products and promotional messages to local environments * Marketers feel that each culture is remarkable, with a distinctive set of behavioral and personality characteristics Chapter 4 Market Information/Research * go in Conducting Market Research (this bullet will answer almost every bullet in this section, so just read over this one its in detail) 1.Define the Research Problem a. Specify the research objectives i. Symptom or problem? ii. Selling the wine for too much money indication problem is the event of cap What is the trustworthy issue? b. Identify your population of interest iii. Look at surrounding environment iv. Whats happening in the environment, is it a symptom or a problem? 2. Determining Research Design c. Research Design Specifies what cultivation will be collected and what type of study will be done d. Must determine if we are collecting primary or secondary selective randomness v. base We collect selecti ve information ourselves 1. Finding exactly what you want vi. Secondary Someone else collects the data . Quality may be cheaper, but not as precise 3. Often out-of-date e. Determining Specific Information Needs vii. Primary information selective information specifically collected and organized for a particular marketing information need. victor viii. Secondary information Data gathered for some purpose other than the current marketing information need (i. e. f. Primary Data 3 types ix. explorative (problem identification) 4. Qualitative technique used to generate insights for future, more rigorous studies a. Interviews (1 on 1) b. Focus Groups (8-10) c. Ethnographies (researcher lives with people they are studying) d.Projective techniques (take yourself and project yourself into the situation based on information given) i. i. e. Folgers instant coffee regarded women ii. If you were making instant coffee you were short-changing your husbands iii. Benefits and features x. Descrip tive (problem solving) 5. Quantitative technique that probes more systematically and with more respondents e. How to quantify a qualitative data use a scale 6. Think frequencies f. Identifying numbers (how many people walk by the mall on campus) 7. Helps identify attitudes of consumers that buy the products g. Satisfaction survey xi. Casual (problem solving) 8.Quantitative techniques that attempt to understand the cause-and-effect relationships h. Test hypotheses i. Independent variable manipulation j. leechlike variable measureable outcome 9. Experiments lab 10. Field Studies real world 11. causative Research Example k. I work for Nestle and I believe that chocolate country of origin has an impact on satisfaction with the chocolate iv. Dependent = satisfaction v. Independent = country of origin vi. Independent variable with 5 choices (USA, Mexico, Canada, etc) 1. The more conditions you add, the more subjects you need to have vii. Lets add an additional IV nuts or no nuts 2.Cou ntry of origin (5 choices) x Nuts (2 choices) = 10 conditions 12. You can have as many IVs as you want, but this increases the number of subjects you need 13. To determine causality you look to see if there is a difference Exploratory Problem-Solving Purpose Investigation actionable information Research Problem Not well defined Specific Type of data Qualitative Quantitative Sample Small Large 3. Primary Data Collection Methods g. Communication, surveys xii. Mail questionnaires xiii. Telephone interviews xiv. Face-to-face interviews xv. Online questionnaires h. Observation xvi. Personal 14. Stores hire researchers to watch people xvii. Mechanical 15.Device that tracks behaviors (black strip that measures how many cars pass a street) * Different Research Study Designs * A plan that specifies what information marketers will collect and what type of study they will do * Cross-sectional design A type of descriptive technique that involves the systematic collection of quantitative infor mation * Longitudinal Design A technique that tracks the responses of the same sample of respondents over time * Types of Data Qualitative, Primary, Secondary * Primary We collect data ourselves * Finding exactly what you want * Secondary Someone else collects the data * Quality may be cheaper, but not as precise Often outdated * Qualitative You cannot put a number on it i. e. are you happy? Yes or no * Quantitative You can put a value/scale number on it * Validity and Reliability * Validity The extent to which research actually measures what it was intended to measure * Reliability The extent to which research measurement techniques are free of errors * Construct did we measure what we intended to measure? * Internal can you identify the true causal relationship (most important) * External generalizability does this hold true for my population of interest? * Sampling * The offset of selecting respondents for a study Probability sample Each member of the population has some know n chance of being included * Nonprobability sample The use of personal judgment to select respondents (some cases, they just ask whoever they can find, some members of the population may not be included at all) * Convenience Sample Nonprobability sample composed of individuals who just happen to be available when and where data is being collected * Independent/Dependent Variables * Independent manipulation * Dependent measureable outcome * Advantages/Disadvantages of Primary Data Collection Techniques * Advantages of primary data collecting * headmaster * Gathering information for a particular need * Disadvantages of primary data collecting * Expensive * Advantages of secondary data collecting * Cheaper, saves time * Disadvantages of secondary data collecting * Outdated * Data Mining Process in which analysts sift through data to identify unique patterns of behavior among different customer groups * Data mining has 4 primary applications for marketers 1. Customer Acquisition Many firms include demographic and other information about customers in their database 2. Customer Retention and subjection Firm identifies big-spending customers and then targets them for special offers and inducements other customers wont receive 3. Customer Abandonment A firm wants customers to take their business elsewhere because serving them actually costs the firm too much 4. Market Basket Analysis Develop focused promotion strategies based on the records of which customers have bought certain products * Data Collection in Other Countries and Cultures Market conditions and consumer preferences vary worldwide and there are major differences in the sophistication of market research operations and the amount of data available to global marketers * Some countries may not have phones, literacy levels may affect mail surveys * Understanding local customs and cultural differences can affect the responses * Solve this problem by including local researchers in decisions about the design * Language To overcome language barriers, researchers use the process of back-translation the process of translating material to a foreign language and then back to the original language Additional Topics * Stealth Marketing * When youre being marketed to, and you dont realize youre being marketed to * i. e.Camera phones Nokia, having employees ask people to take pictures with their camera phones (w/o launching a campaign) * Guerilla Marketing * Doing something in a non-conventional, unique way * i. e. shooting someone from behind a tree * First time using QR codes * Buzz vs. Hype * Whats the difference? Guerilla marketing is all about creating boil (goal is to get people to talk about us) * Buzz people talking about it * As a consumer, we believe buzz over hype * Hype comes from the company * i. e. television commercial * Hulls drive theory * As humans, we are wired to know what we need which drives us * Homeostasis - equilibrium * i. e. shivering when youre cold Study in 70s (rise of mini theories) claim there are many contributors to consumers * Darwins biological determinism * What motivates us * Cowbird lays eggs in another species nest * When that egg hatches, it automatically knows the cowbird song * BORN with what motivates us * Cannibalization * When a new product takes sales away from original (existing) product * i. e. Apple 4S to 5, or Coca cola to diet coke * Can be good and can be bad, depending on the situation * When you introduce a new product and it isnt good It can motivate people to move away from the brand as a whole * Negative- having to sell whats in inventory * Traditional vs. non-traditional media types * Traditional vs.Nontraditional * Subliminal messaging * Self-help cassette tapes * Lose weight label people got the stop ingest message * Stop smoking people got the lose weight message * Placebo * All of the Knuffs Knuggets * Syphilis study KNUGGET * Testing the spread of syphilis crossways the spread of African Americans * Infected some people with syphilis, some were given treatment, some were told they would be given treatment but werent * Unethical, U. S. Government approve this study and eventually was sued for millions by families * Milgrim Shock Study * Why we have the IRB * Institutional Review Boards * QR Codes Measures the effectiveness of the ad * Allows a large amount of information to be displayed in a small space * Part of technological environment * Internal validity is necessary, but not sufficient for establishing external validity *KNUGGET * We have to have internal validity, otherwise its garbage * Just because we have internal validity, does not mean we can generalize or say that we have external validity * Heiders Balance Theory is one explanation * Suggests that we need to keep triangle in balance * or NIKE GOLF tiger WOODS YOU All positives around the outsides, or two negatives and one positive

Conscience vs. Society

Conscience vs. Society Conscience and familiarity are often in betrothal with one another. Your culture and the spate around you may be telling you to do one thing, while in your heart you feel that a different way is the way to go. This is exactly what happens in Sophocles play Antigone. Ismene, Haimon, and Creon all have a difficult time choosing between following what their conscience is saying and what society thinks, which leads to date between the acknowledgments. Ismene faces this conflict of conscience vs. society when deciding whether to help Antigone bury Polyneices or not.When Antigone asks her if she is going to bury him with her, and if she tied(p) cares about her brothers, Ismene says They mean a great deal to me and I have no strength to break laws that were made for the public good. (Prologue, 62-63) Ismene wants Polyneices to have a proper burial as much as Antigone does, further she does not feel that it is worth the risk of her own remnant. She has to choose between risking her life to bury her brother, or living with the guilt of Polneices never being to the full put to rest. This leads to conflict between her and Antigone because she feels abandoned by her sisters choice to not help her.Haimon faces the problem of conflict vs. society when he talks to his return, Creon. After Creon sentences Antigone to death for breaking his law about burying Polyneices, Haimon says For me your judgments and the ways you act on them are good. I shall follow them dont let you mind brood on just one thought, that what you say is right and nothing else. (Scene 3, 720-21 and 799-800) At first, Haimon is saying that he will follow and agree to anything his father does or says alone then, he goes on to say that his judgments may not be correct and that he should stay more open-minded on his decision.At first, Haimon starts by saying what his father would want him to say, but then changes his mind and speaks of what he knows is right. This leads to conflict between his father and him because he is not just saying what his father wants to hear anymore. Finally, Creon faces this conflict after Teiresias shares his prophecy. When he tells Creon of his fate if he does not bury Polyneices and free Antigone, he faces a hard decision Its dreadful to give way, but to resist and let destruction hammer down my spirit, that is a fearful option too. (Scene 5, 1225-27) He has to choose between what everyone (even the gods) wants to happen, which is to let Antigone go and give her brother a proper burial, and what he thinks is right, which is to kill Antigone off and let Polyneices rot on the battlefield. This is the first time in the play he actually listens to reason, even if it is for his own benefit. This leads to conflict within himself. The characters in this play go through many conflicts, a lot of which have to do with choosing between what society thinks and what that character thinks.Ismene has to choose between following the law and breaking it to bury her brother, Haimon has to choose between following his father or going against him for the woman he loves, and Creon must(prenominal) choose between letting Antigone die and Polyneices stay unburied or burying him and letting Antigone go. This all leads to conflict between the characters and themselves. The concept of conscience vs. society is nothing new and will continue to be a point of conflict in peoples lives until the day they die.

Japanese Art Essay

For the GOY* project, I chose to visit The Pavilion of Nipponese Art in the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) and look at Japanese artworks, especially from the Jomon to Heian period. There were no event focusing on Japanese Art on LACMA, so I opted to join a sunlight tour of the Japanese art collection instead. Knowing at once that it would only last for 50 minutes, I wondered at first how the guide would abridge the lecture of thousands of years of Japanese history and Japanese art, especially that it entails a lot of explaining and translating to do.But the explanations as we went along the way were brief and concise and center on the artworks, but were enough for us to take note of. What I intended to focus on were paintings from the Jomon to Heian period of Japanese Art, but instead I took note of divergent forms of Japanese artworks which I found interesting. There were several pieces that caught my attention, but those that I focused on were a ceramic vessel from t he nerve Jomon period, Jizo Bosatsu, which is carved wood sculpture from the late Heian period, and Seated Warrior, a sculpture from the Kofun period.Japanese art on the Jomon period be mostly earthenware vessels, mostly deeply pots made of clay. Potteries made from the Jomon period are characterized by rope markings, incised lines and applied coils of clay (Kleiner 91). These vessels, however psychedelically figured, have a variety of uses. They serve different purposes, from storage to burial (Kleiner 91). The vessels on the Japanese Art Tour on the LACMA mostly have textured bases, the incised rope markings real apparent, and have fancy rims.Japanese art on the Kofun period is completely different. According to the Minneapolis Institute of Arts Website, the art on this period is characterized by tombs furnished haniwa, or cylinders which are used as adornment for tombs on the era. The forms of the haniwa later evolved to simple geometric forms of houses, animals, birds, and other figures. The sculpture on the LACMA, however, resembles a Seated Warior form, hence, its title. The Heian period is characterized with artworks representing or illustrating Esoteric Buddhism (Kleiner, 2010). roughly of the artworks are Buddhist deities sculptures carved from wood, to which people worship. The sculpture of deities were characterized by a wardrobe of a monks, and all of them stood on top of a lotus, which symbolizes rebirth, jibe to the tour guide. I have expected Japanese art to be intricate, except maybe those from the Jomon period. But it turned out that even from the Neolithic period, the Japanese already had a sense of aesthetics that their vessels are adorned with rope markings.For me, the abstract form of Jomon period art is its strength. The Kofun period art was indeed very interesting for me because the artworks were used to decorate tombs, and the decorations symbolizes the person in that tomb. Meanwhile, as expected, Heian art is deeply rooted on Bud dhism, and has Chinese influences. At the end of the day, I know that the evolution of Japanese art relied on what happened in Japan at the time these artworks were constructed. The colorful events strongly influences the frame of mind of the artists. History is what shapes art.

The Funeral Mask of King Tutankhamen

peradventure one of the most amazing finds in Egyptian archeology is the tomb of King Tutankhamen. Howard Carter, the archaeologist whose subsequent death fueled speculation of the actuality of the mummys curse, discove red-faced it in 1923 (Tutankhamun, par. 2). Most well cognize beca routine it was largely intact at the time of its opening, the site gives modern viewers a rare insight into the life and death of a pharaoh.Today, the tomb corpse shrouded in fascination as people in all over the world visit displays of the artifacts retrieved from the crypt. According to the National Gallery of Art, archaeologists retrieved fifty-five items from the site, and among the items, King Tutankhamens Funeral masquerade costume is possibly the most recognized (par. 1). It is in like manhoodner the most stunning example of Egyptian art recovered from the tomb.The mask of King Tutankhamen, better known as King Tut, is a large head fleck with the face of the young baron, worn over the hea d and shoulders of the deceased. The entire mask is made of solid gold with inlaid blue glass and stones that create horizontal lines along the right and left sides of the head, down to the shoulders. This blue and gold striped headdress, also known as a nemes, which is a royal head cloth to be worn only by the ancient kings (Death disguise, cap. 1).On the forehead portion of the nemes are devil small statuettes, one of a vulture and another of a cobra. According to experts, the vulture, Nekhbet, and the cobra, Wadjet, protected the pharaoh (Death Mask, par 1). On the back, the lines of the nemes converge at the bottom, in the center. The scrap spares no detail, including the eyeliner worn by the ancient king.As a piece of Egyptian art, the Funeral Mask shows masterful drug abuse of the elements of design. The use of color is simply exquisite. Blue, gold, red and black, which comprise the piece, are still colors makeative of royalty today. The use of line and space on the side s and collar create the illusion that the young king was large and imposing. In addition, the level of symmetry and balance in the piece is textbook. However, perhaps the most overtly powerful element in the piece is the use of symbols.Iconography and symbols are key to understanding the artists and the subject. The shape of this mask itself is reminiscent of the cobra, ostensibly representative of his power and fierceness. Also, the lines along the sides of the nemes seem to reflect the image of sunrays. In fact, it appears as if the rays of the sun were radiating from the kings face. The sun god did play a large role in ancient Egyptian religion, but it is also possible that this represents the artists love of their young pharaoh.The most obvious symbols on the mask are of the cobra and vulture. Other than their use for King Tuts protection, they may also represent his adherence to the old religions. According to Britannica Encyclopedia, serpent, vulture, and sphinx are all motif symbols tied up with such ghostlike cults as the cult of the pharaohs and the gods and the cult of the dead (par. 2).Considering the animals religious affiliation, and the fact that Tutankhamen spent his short reign reestablishing the various god religions of the past, one must speculate as to the animals religious significance as well (Tutankhamun, par. 5). Perhaps these two particular animals were representatives of the gods that the pharaoh worshiped.Above all, these artists give the impression of adoration for King Tutankhamen in the medium chosen. The entire control is comprised of precious metals and stones that are historically identical with wealth and power. Goldsmiths spent a great deal of time refining and molding the metal, while small stones were cut and polished by hand to follow together almost seamlessly in the piece.Today, not only would the piece be expensive to recreate, it would also be somewhat laborious. Even with the use of modern tools, the work would be tedious at best. While it must have been somewhat difficult to achieve this level of work, without these elements the image of their king would have been somewhat dimmed. Although the Funeral Mask would have been exquisite even in clay, ancient craftsmen used materials fit for a pharaoh.Furthermore, ancient artisans obviously put a great deal of do into making their pharaohs mask a true representation of the ruler. It appears that their hope was to represent the king accurately and powerfully in the afterlife. Although their belief was that Tutankhamen would carry all the elements of his tomb into the underworld, they fitted him perfectly for presentation to an audience thousands of years later with all the riches one would expect to accompany such a powerful man as pharaoh of ancient Egypt. Even today, the Funeral Mask awes visitors with its royal visage.While some of the elements, such as facial features, seem crude on the surface and lacking realism, they are perfect in their s implicity. Thousands of years later, the artistry of the mask is virtually unmatched. Modern artists and goldsmiths would find the exact recreation of the mask difficult, if not improbable. When combined with the use of color, line, and symbols used by the ancient Egyptians, the mask is perfect.Twenty-first century artisans could not complete such an important task more appropriately. When given the commission of calculative a similar piece, with the originality of this one, most artists would fail to find such a faultless balance of elements and design, which makes King Tutankhamens Funeral Mask the most superb piece of ancient Egyptian artwork found in the tomb, and perhaps even the world.Works CitedDeath Mask of King Tutankhamun. King Tutankhamun by Wysinger. 27 run into 2007. .Jewelry. Encyclopedia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. 27 March 2007. .NGA Treasures of Tutankhamun. National Gallery of Art. 27 March 2007. .Tutankhamun. 27 March 2007. Wikipedia.com. 27 March 2007. .

Essay on Assam Essay

Assam has been aptly described by some as the Shangrila of the North-Eastern India a fix having breathtaking scenic beauty, rarest floras and faunas, lofty hills, sybaritic tea gardens, undulating plains, mighty waterways, dense forests, fertile valleys, etc. It lies as a jewel of exquisite beauty and charm on the Northeastern horizon of India. Since the years of Hiuen-Tsang it has fascinated the rest of the world with her aura of myth and mysteries, history and folklore, music and dance. Known as Pragjyotishpura (land of Eastern lights) in ancient time and Kamrupa in knightly times, Assam is the anglicised name for the state. The name of the state may have come from the word Ahom the people who migrated to the Brahmaputra valley in the early thirteenth century and gave shape to the Assamese of today.The state lies between 89. 50 to 96, 10 E. longitude and 24. 30 to 28, 40 N. latitude. Seven Indian states and two foreign countries catch its boundary. Spread over an area of 78, 438 sq. km. State has a total population of 26, 638, 407 according to Census, 2001. We have a clear picture of Assam only from the early 13th cent, when the country was conquered by Ahoms. Later they were ousted by the Burmese, who handed over the area to the British by the treaty of Yandaboo in 1826. All the major races of the world much(prenominal) as, Austro-Asiatic, the Indo- Aryans, Indo-Tibetans, Indo-Burmese, Mongolians, etc. have combined to make the great Assamese people of today. Assam, however, has remained practically a land of Tibeto- Burmese people. Assamiya or Assamese is the lingua franca of the state.Assam skunk be divided into three earthy regions, namely the Brahmaputra valley, the Barak valley and the Hilly regions. These regions are quite distinct from one another with regard to the composition of people, look of living and culture. The mighty Brahmaputra along with Barak has nourished the state from time immemorial and has been a descent of solace as well as a source of sorrow for the people of the state. The economy of the state is overwhelmingly agricultural and about 75% of the population directly or indirectly depends on this sector for their livelihood. Rice, fruits, aracanut, jute, saccharide cane, and tea are the chief agricultural produce of the state. The state also produces nearly half of the countrys total output of tea. he state is rich in natural resources such as oil, gas, coal, and limestone.The perfect fusion of heritage, tradition, faiths, and beliefs ofnumerous races has resulted in many festivals in the state. The main festivals of Assam are the Bihus which are keep all over the state by every one with great pomp and grandeur. The most colourful amongst the three Bihus is the spring festival known as Rongali Bihu. Nature has abundantly blessed Assam with charming sights and exciting natural scenery. Kaziranga National Park and Manas Sanctuary are the chief tourist centres famous for Royal Bengal tiger, one-horned rhinos and booming langur.The other attractions of the state are the famous Kamakhya temple near Guwahati, Umananda temple, Navagraha temple, Kareng Ghar, Rang ghar, Talatal Ghar, Majuli island, Jatinga, etc. Nestling in the Himalayan foothills the state is rich in cultural heritage, natural beauty, and mineral resources. There is no denying the fact that the state of Assam during the last fifty years has made great strides in many fields. But a cud more remains to be done to bring the state to the forefront of development and progress. Given better political stability, adequate stress on industrialisation, prudish utilisation of resources available and less militancy, the state can leap forward to an era of prosperity and all-round development.

Superstition

This paper aims to explore the theme superstitious notion as a exercise of uncanny mysterious happening that have been witnessed and continue to be witnessed in every mean solar day of our lives. The expression superstition is roundtimes interpreted to be a simply mean an insult, which is, in that respectfore, not vulnerable to objective means and it undoubtedly can be pulmonary tuberculosisd in this manner.However, when for instance we think through whatsoever occurrences that everyone would undoubtedly agree to c every last(predicate) superstitious, making doves appear from nowhere, ever-changing clothes to money, waving introvert magpies, saying break a leg, blowing on cards or dice sooner playing and rolling them, putting on a lucky t-shirt to a baseb all match, we shall realize that in particular, they epitomize rather a close and easily unclouded group.In the preceding(prenominal) case, the superstition explicitly or implicitly affirms a particular causative connecti on without comprehending whatever explanation of it workings. A candidate at an examination, who fails to express trust be ingest it would bring a misfortune does not know of the ways by which, the curse would take effect.Someone strolling at night and necessitate a wish on a shooting star cannot tell who or what might hear his or her wish and make it come true. An entrepreneur who once made a bad fortune when there were thorn flowers in the room and who now rejects to have the same in his or her house has no philosophy as to why he or she thinks the thorn flowers are unfortunate, these are just but a few examples to go by. Many quite a little fear the account book when they hear someone affiliate with it be fare they think that its a source of evil work.Indeed, if by any explanation there were evidences, the word superstition would no longer come out particularly applicable.Introduction Superstition has had a significant influence in the lives of wad probably since the begi nning of the world. For centuries, homophile being have clung to the practices as puff up as, believes comprehend the uncanny phenomena.The superstitious traditions have continued ever since time immemorial dismantle after pieces of evidence being produced by the work of science to rationalise what was in the past considered supernatural. Superstitious rituals dating seat in the middle ages are still witnessed in practice today. However, the kind of things in superstition alike hitting on wood or having a horse shoe hanged at the door did not emanate just like that.They were taken with nifty significance and were presupposed to have various consequences. Superstition, ad is denoted by the dictionary, thesaurus and oxford, is excessively, credulous belief and reverence for the supernatural. The belief was in no other time greater and excessive as in the middle age periods where a fair blow on your face could send you to unknown destination, a simple sternutation could take someones life, and charmes used broomsticks to fly around at night as well as conjuring spells were done by Jewish sorcerers.The mysterious mint in those ancient periods, were put forth by the imaginations of our descendants. In these times, before science had its roots, simple happening were described as mysterious and supernatural. For instance, a simple shadow cast, probably at midnight during moonlight would be considered as a persons reflection of their soul. Sounds at night were considered to be from ghosts and genies and this instilled lots of fear to the generation of the time. on that point was the personification of natural phenomena in those days. The purpose of this paper is to discover the roots of the uncanny superstition, the beneficial use of it if any to people, the consequences and instances, why was it used and who were using it, the force-out of the this preternatural phenomenal, the various beliefs among others. The roots of superstitionSuperstition as far as we are concerned is verbalise to have been there from the beginning of mankind.Theories have been put forwards to explain this unnatural phenomenon. Firstly, it is thought that superstition comes when a persons desire is beyond their ability in what is called the implorative desire or headspring. For instance, if a person is in critical need of a car or money and he or she has no means of obtaining it but then hears of an available psychic or witch somewhere who could make it possible for them to get what they wanted without any struggles.This will resultantually drive him or her to the psychic or the witch due to the wet desire and need. Secondly, a fearful mind is as well said to be a root of superstition. For instance, a family that has experience consecutive decease of their relatives would have some form of fear that would drive them to seek some wizards intervention for why has it been that there has been the same cause of death for all the relative of theirs. More sto ries such as this of repetitious and mysterious causes often results into some form of superstition.As military man beings, each and every one of us has their own fears as well as wishes. If the two happen to exist then it eventually and likely to lead to superstition unless there is some form of holy intervention in a person. No weigh how a person whitethorn appear educated, if the mind is filled with a fear and wishes that are beyond their abilities then in spades they would execute superstitious. It is natural that part of humans is filled with fear and cupidity, therefore, on their search for satisfaction and peace people tend to be reliant on their dark side, the superstitious berth.The law of Cause and EffectThis is consider to be the law of honor as well as natural concept that people do rarely think about. It is human nature that human beings everlastingly want to have the consequence that are disproportionate with the source like craving for something prodigious ou tside their reach. Absence of self-confidence, uncontrollable wishes, as well as, worries are all what will make people become superstitious.People ought to understand that its their works that cause all effect whether successful or not, rich or poor, either bad or good. Also they should understand no effect is coincidental, from nowhere, it takes diligence and clear mind to achieve. If we make good deeds then the end result is good if we make our deeds bad then there would be no good at the end of it all and such leads to superstitious being.The superstition explicitly or implicitly affirms a particular causative connection without comprehending any explanation of it workings. A candidate at an examination, who fails to express confidence because it would bring a misfortune does not know of the ways by which, the curse would take effect. It is worthy noting that all things in life whether nice or wicked are not merely existent but comes from a cause that we made before (Kim 641-6 58).Therefore, there is need for good causes in all our endeavors. The law of cause and effect varies from the current to the future life hence is not just an commonplace discipline of study. The big emphasis is that we should proudly as well as, courageously, accept the consequences of our deeds whether they are good or bad without any form of grief, fear or worries because they are what we have sown from the beginning. If we make the cause then even the effect is our end result as well and we should learnt to be amenable of our own self.There is the aim to remain bright and thoughtful while making decision which is the cause so as we prepare for the best effect later that would be easy to accept. By understanding and making believe in the law of cause as well as, effect, we take control of our cause for the upcoming effect. We also make sure that we remain so thoughtful and smart while making our decisions. We are also encourage to contain our greed and fear thought in control as well, for us to be responsible for our deeds.Our superstitious MindA lot of people can attest to have always had their lives threatened at some by the scare warning they were used to hear people say. Things like try as much to avoid encounters with sear cats at night, dont go under those sheds of trees or cabins at during late hours, every 13th day coinciding with Friday is a bad lack and so forth. Well, the fact is many believed this to be true and had really avoided such encounters and locked themselves in their houses just to make sure such myth are not part of their happenstances.It is said that, these beliefs could happen too those who really and truly believe them to be true and the same is not the case for those who takes them as a mere scare (Vyse 467). However, some of these myth posed a positive effect to the people because they help to shape their behaviors, this is to say, and not all of these superstitious were negative. It was a way to make the mind believe on the wrongs to be avoided and the rights to be done.Nevertheless, there are so many cultures around the world that have hold on to these beliefs to date. Are there certain things that make people to hold on to these beliefs? If yes, how do they perceive them? Are they really things they should hold on? And so forth. There are so many questions that would need answers that would be difficult to find, if we tried get into this and dig deeply. There are several and various extents of superstitions in the world we live in, that we keep up hearing of.In this extent, superstitions themselves can be from the smallest actions like people in a casino using simple trick to win money, and other actions that people certainly do to make them avoid back lack and increase their chances of getting what they want, to some big forms like disappearing from sight of audiences. So whether, assay to win, or wearing a lucky scarf and getting out of sight, all these can be considered to be superstitious thi ngs because they can never be performed by a normal human being.Being reminiscent of what we do is a good way to avoiding unwanted consequences in future. A good human being, is one who learns from their past mistakes to make their future a go one than where they are from. The cause and effect is very helpful subject to understand and make good out of it.Three Doors to Freedom from Superstitious MindsHow can we teach ourselves to be free from thought that might be superstitious?Here are better ways to make our intentions right. First we need to understand the doors to our freedom. The emptiness is the first, having no desires is the second and the last is formlessness. Anyone who grasps these situations will have the intelligence see the real truth about every aspect in human existences.These contain no arrangements because they are comprised of combination of various casual features. Based on cause all beings are called hollowness because of their illusory nature. If they have ph ysical systems, then there is no blending. People ought to try and discover the actual form in the make-up. The master have specified that it compromises of four components, air, the earth, and fire, as well as, water. Therefore, missing either of them, would degenerate the body.And when either of them is the controlling or in other words, the dominant portion, our bodies become functionless. Another issue would be how they can be in line when there is a considerable amount of conflict between them? We therefore got the pledge balance them by having the right foods. Which of the considerations is the overriding in our heads? (Patil 411). It is the beliefs that we hold that give rise to either desirable or the undesirable natures that affect how we involve ourselves in the ways that are not permissive.The three doors emphasized by the theory is the one good way that when observed would allow us to avoid all the thing that pre-occupy of heads with dirty stuffs which shifts our right ful thinking. The way we carry our burdens in our mind, by this is to mean the things that distract us in our everyday life determines how we release them back out to other people. A mind that keeps on wishing without coordinating the body to work hard will always have superstitious thoughts to fit the wishes.All said and done, the next thing that can influence our thought to be evil are the people we keep around us. If we have friends who keep suggesting negative motives like stealing, fighting, causing chaos then we would always be driven to the dark side of thoughts. We therefore have to be very mindful of the close people we have because we never know there intentions towards us.Just as earlier mentioned, the big emphasis is that we should proudly as well as, courageously, accept the consequences of our deeds whether they are good or bad without any form of grief, fear or worries because they are what we have sown from the beginning.If we make the cause then even the effect is our end result as well and we should learnt to be responsible of our own selfThe Power of SuperstitionThe phenomenon has been seen to cause more harm than good. Magician who have taken the upfront to using superstition are very capable of doing dangerous stuffs that are very destructive. For instance, we see them in our television performing scary of event that leave us holding our mouths.Imagine if such a person decides to go bad, what harm they would be capable of. aSuperstition in Julius CaesarIn some ancient days, superstition was a significant perception in the Roman times, as it was the fueling force in uncountable actions of the people at the time. To them it was considered a historical believe. The phenomenon was seen as a strengthening factor with their gods. This is well brought up by a play by Shakespeare called Julius Caesar, named after the great ruler of the Romans at the time.Superstition is used in the play repeatedly to foreshadow the death of the ruler by his frien d Brutus who eventually as well, kills himself due to conscious guilt. Shakespeare expresses the awareness that many people tried to get the better of what the future held, such as ill-fated events, by being superstitious. This is exceptionally prominent in Julius Caesar, as it effects the day to day regular daily life of the Roman citizens.From ghosts to half-naked and thonged men, nearly every individual had to deal with the uncanny, a mission that many seemed to take as life changing. In Julius Caesar, superstitious motives within the characters change their choices concerning life, revenge, and death (Beckett 17).This was a time in Roman when sex was a glorification and unfertile women would sought help to be able to procreate while, the fertile ones sought more children by use of superstition.We see from the story that Caesar is approached by an old man by the name of prognosticator who warns him of his coming death by the ides of March, through foretelling but Caesar ignores that by saying he is a dreamer and just as foretold, he is stubbed to death with among them being Brutus, close friend to him. Being a good friend to Caesar, Brutus was blindly lured by Cassius to plot to kill him which they did. Later on, a ghost of Caesar appears to Brutus ensure him that they would meet. Due to this form of superstition, Brutus thought he was meant to die and he took his own life as a result.All This are all instances of superstitions at the time. It also shows how significantly superstition changed the actions of the characters together with how it affected their lives (Chibnall & McFarlane 252).Superstition as a Survival MechanismAs long as superstition is regarded to be involving dark conjury and mysterious power it has been of benefit to others mostly in the ancient days where it was used for protection and security to guard against possible enemies. As depicted in various movies and films today, the same was the case though not as exaggerated as such.A lot of people use some ritual emulate to help them do better in what they are working on. They feel that it gives them a boost to motivate them and increase their confidences. Personal superstitious way of thinking is another mechanisms people use to think in some manner that prepares someone to get defense from displeasure, heartbreaks and disappointment. In this regard, the old traditions and cultures use superstitious powers to guard their communities from attack.Possible attackers may never locate their allies in their attempt for an attack also, the same was use by witches to escape when they become hunted down. They would either disappear or make their enemies lose track of them by somehow using their black magic on them and as a result they would be safe. However, due to human nature, some of this was used in the wrong way like making people suffer for no good reason. Also some would use their so called super powers to steal from other without having being notice thereby causing loss of property. Those who have been said to use the phenomenon as a means to deliver the goods have also been using it to influence factors to their benefit.If for instance, a bank is demanding payment from such people and they dont have any cash to settle out the loans, they would use paper and make these look like real money then give it to the former who might not even notice. This is just to emphasize that magic and superstition go hand in hand and whatever reason it is used for then there can never be the right form of it because it has had more bad than goodConclusionIn conclusion, this phenomenon called superstition is an influence that is destructive in our society, which, has twisted many people who are worried and nervous, lack of self-confidence, and have a tire thoughts as well as, evil mind.To wish for a healthy society, we cant accept superstition. We have a duty to spread and share the good teachings about self-confidence, of self-emancipation as well as, clarifi cation. So how can we be superstitious? Though, there are many people who will suggest their groups to seek Gods interventions when they have problems of any nature. It doesnt matter how many problems there are, there will always be a better way to solve them all.

Differentiation or Cost Leadership

The textbook suggests that there argon only two generic strategies available to a firm differentiation or cost leadership. Both strategies can be applied either into a focused market or a broad market. Do you agree that these are the only two strategies available? Are they mutually exclusive? Why or why not? Porters Generic Strategies Target ScopeAdvantageAdvantage Low CostProduct Uniqueness Broad(Industry Wide)Cost leaders StrategyDifferentiation Strategies Narrow (Market Segment)Focus Strategy(low cost)Focus Strategy(differentiation)Generally ,as per the Porters Generic Strategies there are only two strategies are available to the firm i. e. , differentiation and cost leadership. These strategies are the strength of the market which is sovereign of the product and industry. Along with these two strategies the focus strategy is also there which is the combination of low cost and differentiation strategy. The Focus strategy help firms to deliver the goods the unique good quality pr oduct with the low cost that focus on the Narrow Market segments. Advantage with the Focus Strategy is that it helps the both client and organization side.Customers fulfil their needs inwardly their budget and organization also gain its profits but the implementation of the Focus Strategy is very tempestuous which required more studies of the market and about competitors. As per my aspects Focus strategy really helps the organization to able to produce the good quality of product within the customer budgets which also focus on the market demand. Daft, R. L. (2010). Management (9th ed. ). Mason, OH South-Western Cengage Learning. ISBN 13-9780324595840 Ref Porters Generic Strategies

Rural Entreprneurship -One Key to Rural Revitalisation

Entrepreneurship can play an substantial role in unpolished discoverment. Entrepreneur means one who creates a product on his receive handbill, who of all time undertakes on his own an industrial/trading enterprise in which decease men atomic number 18 employed. If entrepreneurships really encouraged in countrified ara it would, of course, be instrumental in changing the face of countryfied beas by solving the worrys of un physical exertion, poverty, economical disparity, poor utilization of agricultural capacity, low direct of standard of living. Authors 1. Dr.Ratan Barman, Reader, Department of Commerce, Assam University (Diphu Campus) 2. Dipanjan Chakraborty, Senior Lecturer, Department Of commerce,Darrang College,tezpur Introduction India die hards in her villages- this axiom is still true today despite the service sector budding in the urban and semi urban areas. Majority of the universe of discourse still lives in rural India and the large chunk of populatio n in urban areas still live through the learning of a village life. For the strength of the country on that point is a necessity to develop the villages. evolution of a country is a choice loaded on its people, whether urban or rural.It is individuals who baffle up a society and decide its progress and performance. Urban and rural are two sides of the akin coin of economic growth. While the urban sector has witnessed phenomenal growth and growth, fuelled by the post freedom era of industrialization, the rural sector saw little corporate growth. Rural victimisation is more than ever before linked to entrepreneurship. Institutions and individuals promoting rural development now see entrepreneurship as a strategic development intervention that could accelerate the rural development process.Furthermore, institutions and individuals seem to agree on the urgent hire to lift rural enterprises development agencies see rural entrepreneurship as an enormous employment potential po liticians see it as the key strategy to prevent rural unrest rearers see it as an instrument for improving farm earnings and women see it as an employment calamity near their homes which offers autonomy, independence and a reduced need for neighborly harbor. To all these groups, however, entrepreneurship stands as a vehicle to improve the quality of life for individuals, families and communities and to sustain a healthy economy and environment.Rural industrialization is important not only as a means of generating employment opportunities in the rural areas with low capital cost and raising the real income of the people, but also because it contributes to the development of agriculture and urban industries. In the absence of rural industrialization, it would not be easy to solve the problem of unemployment in rural areas. The entrepreneurial orientation to rural development accepts entrepreneurship as the central force of economic growth and development, without it other comput es of development will be wasted or frittered away.However, the acceptance of entrepreneurship as a central development force by itself will not lead to rural development and the progress of rural enterprises. What is needed in addition is an environment enabling entrepreneurship in rural areas. The existence of such(prenominal) an environment largely depends on policies promoting rural entrepreneurship. The effectiveness of such policies in turn depends on a planual framework about entrepreneurship, i. e. , what it is and where it comes from. Concept of Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneur The foothold entrepreneurship and entrepreneur are not impudently to the Indian economy.Often these two terms are considered synonymous and utilize interchangeably. But conceptually both the terms are different. The relationship between the two is just like the two sides of the same coin. The understanding of the concept of entrepreneurship owes a lot to the work of economist Joseph Schumpeter and the Austrian School of economics. According to Schumpeter (1950), and entrepreneur is a psyche who is willing and able to convert a new idea or invention in to a successful innovation. Entrepreneurship forces original ravaging across markets and industries, simultaneously creating new products and business models and liminating others. In this way, creative destruction is largely accountable for the dynamism of industries and long-run economic growth. The entrepreneur is the kind of persons that is willing to put his occupational group and financial security on the delineate for an idea, spending his time and capital in an uncertain venture. Entrepreneurship as a stabilizing force limits entrepreneurship to reading markets disequilibria, while entrepreneurship delimitate as owning and operating a business, denies the possibility of entrepreneurial behaviour by non-owners, employees and managers who have no equity stake in the business.Therefore, the most grant definitio n of entrepreneurship that would fit into the rural development context, argued here, is the broader one, the one which defines entrepreneurship as a force that mobilizes other resources to tack unmet market demand, the ability to create and build roundthing from practically nothing, the process of creating value by pulling together a unique package of resources to exploit an opportunity2. Concept of Rural entrepreneurship umpteen examples of successful rural entrepreneurship can already be found in literature.Rural entrepreneurship can be defined as entrepreneurship emerging at village train which can take place in a variety of fields of endeavour such as business, labor, agriculture and acts as a potent factor for economic development, In short, rural entrepreneurship implies rural industrialization consisting mainly of agro- found industries, Khadi and village industries and cottage industries. The furtherance of rural entrepreneurship is vital in the context of generating gainful employment and minimizing the widening of disparities between rural and urban population.About 75% of the population who lives in villages has to utilize the village resources and they are plentifully available and people are not utilizing it effectively due to mass illiteracy. The risk aversion people can be transform in to risk taking innovative entrepreneurs by proper training. Rural entrepreneurship not only concentrates on enhancement of products by use of local force or by artisans but also has operative environmental and social impact by developing eco friendly and appropriate olution to local problems China represents a unique example of rural entrepreneurial development with prima facie importance to the use of local resources, such as natural resources, human resources and material resources for local economic, social and cultural development and for running at bottom the local area the surpluses so generated and at the same time effectively integrating rural dev elopment with modernization the urban sector. Chinas successful rural development through less overbearing and down-to-earth approach to rural industrialization is really worth emulating for our country.Dynamic rural entrepreneurs can also be found. They are expanding their activities and markets and they find new markets for their products and services beyond the local boundaries. Role of Entrepreneurship in Rural development For rapid development, rural industrialization is must. But rural industrialization requires development of rural areas.. According to the governing of India, any attention located in rural area, village or town with population of 20,000 or less and an investment of Rs. crore in Plant and machinery is treated is rural industry. Rural or village industry is classified in to the succeeding(a) categories Mineral based industry Forest based industry Agro based and food industry Polymer and chemical industry Engineering and non-conventional energy Textile industry Service industry Objectives of entrepreneurship in Rural Development To reduce disparities in income between rural and urban areas To promote balance regional development To pressure the age-old rich heritage of the country To control migration of population from rural to urban area and thus helps in checking haphazard growth of cities and slums To help in reducing social tension and pollution Rural Entrepreneurship as a policy Tool to Achieve Rural Development Before independence, rural industrialization and hence rural entrepreneurship did not get any emphasis. The British organisation gave importance to imports and neglected the development of Indian industries.In order to achieve rural development, after independence, the government of India used rural entrepreneurship as a policy tool. It has been clearly reflected in various five grade plans and industrial policies. 1) Production in Khadi & Village industries sector was Rs 4,519 croes in the year 1997-98 and b y the end of the year 2006-07, it is anticipate to increase up to Rs. 13,250croes i. e. in the span of 9 years it is expected to rise by almost 3 times. 2) Employment in KVI sector was 6. 65 million in the year 1997-98 and it is expected to increase up to 9. 5million by the end of year. Problems faced by entrepreneurs of rural areas overleap of finance-Modern entrepreneurship is a pricey affair which needs abundant credit facilities. But in undeveloped countries, there is always scarcity of such credit facilities Lack of technical know-how-On account of faulty education system youth lose professional, managerial and technical knowledge which is an impediment in developing the spirit of enterprise, consequently not umpteen people come forward to establish self-employment units. Absence of Enterprising skill- Most of the rural people in India lack risk bearing ability. Reluctance to involve oneself in business, inclination towards wage employment, lack of creative thinking are few reasons which have restricted the growth of self-employment in rural area. Lack of Infrastructure-On account of lack of infrastructural facilities viz, transport, water, electricity, market, storage and communication etc, entrepreneurs are shying away from establishing industries in villages. Industries which are already established are also facing similar problems. Adverse, social, cultural and Industrial environment-Caste systems, social evils, fatalism, religious superstitions, particularly in the countryside, do not allow development of adventurous spirit. Lack of skill and expertise in labourers, their tendency to reincarnate to big cities and consumers habit to buy goods produced by big companies create many problems for new entrepreneurs. Lack of awareness about quality control-It is true that of awareness hinders rural entrepreneurship. There are number of factors responsible for the lack of awareness among rural folk.Illiteracy, ignorance, lack of proper propaganda by agencies, corruption among government functionaries etc are some of the factors responsible for this problem. Lack of market information due to poor communication facility- The absence of effective communication and access to right information crystallizes it difficult for rural entrepreneurs to understand market trends and policies followed by the government on industrialization. Rural Development through Rural Entrepreneurship To achieve rural development through rural entrepreneurship, The sign al-Qaida given by tone Bolton & John Thompson should be implemented given below.The support infrastructure People Ideas The Enterprise Sector Education and Research and Property Finance Supply Business support Community Training Development development Facility School, Industry, Business Seed and Sub regime Housing, College University brooder venture contractors Agencies Schools, University Garage Innovation capital Labour Clubs and Hospitals, Training centre pool Associations, Recreation, Facility cognition Consultants Transport Entrepreneur Technology And business Tele commu Business advices nications school parks Activity Courses of Technology expound Equity& Staff Training advice Amenity programmes transfer and support Loans & Suppliers and networking provision Source Entrepreneurs by Bill Bolton & John Thompson Conclusion On the basis of analysis and role of rural entrepreneurship for rural development, we can fill up that rural entrepreneurship and rural development are two sides of the same coin. A part from Government policy, there is an urgent need to create conducive environment in rural areas so that rural entrepreneurship should flourish. Suggestions The following suggestions can be put forwarded for the protection and enhancement of demand potentiality leading to fertile acres for entrepreneurship.Entrepreneurship would be conducive for rural capacity utilization and development and so lving rural problems like, unemployment, poverty, low level standard of living etc. ? Formulation of a registered trade union, under the focus of appropriate Government, at village level-The role of such a trade union should be to protect and promote the worry of labours in the village. It will lead to enhance their bargaining power, thereby more earnings. Labour concessions will be instrumental in changing the face of rural areas. ? Formation of village development council, under the guidance of appropriate Government, at the village level . This council should lead in forming and propagating about negative impacts of drain of rural demand, rural resources to urban area.Consciousness should be created about the fulfillment of rural demand by rural provider living in the same village. It means trading should be promoted in the villages. Positive impact of divion of work. Divion of work will lead specialization, better capacity utilization, assurance of definite market and enough e arning to meet family needs. The confident(p) and negative impacts of migration of people from rural area to urban area. It is good in the sense that it is going to provide employment to rural people in urban area. But the negative part of the process is that ease up their funds in urban area. These migrated people should be encouraged and motivated to finally stay in village.They should spend their money in rural areas. It would lead to enhancement in rural demand and rural development. Such a village development council will be forum where issues relating development will be discussed and opinions will be floated among the people for course of action. ? Formation of Rural entrepreneurship Development Bank of India, on the line of Industrial Development bank of India, is essential to promote entrepreneurship in the rural areas. It role would be to make available finance, knlwledge, technical expertise, managerial advice, help in marketing, string etc. it has to take case from fi rst base to end. Even its role would be to come up with plans.The is need to promote urban culture in rural area in respect of consumption, entertainment, education, spending, standard of livingrationality,etc. to promote economic activities. Rural-Urban interaction, T. V, Radio, Mobile, Road etc, are promoting urban culture in rural areas. ? State Government must invest in more for development of rural entrepreneurship ? All latest technology of the globe is to be disseminated to all rural areas by Government through Toll free number ? Appointment of SSI ombudsman and having one stop centre for needs of rural entrepreneurs to be established. ? There is necessary to promote education and skill necessary for entrepreneurship ?

New Hire Communication Essay

We would like to welcome all new hires to TMG Inc. We look forward to a long and prosperous work relationship with each and every one of our new hires. Our main intent is to make sure the customer is always satisfied. As customer service representatives you ar the first visor of contact with the customers so we are going to make sure that each one of you is properly happy to assist the customers in any and every way.Here at TMG Inc. we provide phone, cable, and internet service to our customers. During your didactics each of you pull up stakes learn about all of the products and services available to the customers. We offer on-site gainful training which will consists of classroom training for one week and on the phone training for dickens weeks. Hours of training will be 800 a.m. to 400 p.m. with two 15 minute breaks and an hour lunch. At the end of the training course there will be a skills test to determine if the trainees are ready to communicate with customers or if more training is required.Once training is successfully completed representatives will be depute an eight hour shift between the hours of 700 a.m. to 1200 p.m. with two 15 minute breaks and an hour lunch. each representative is expected to report to work and back from breaks and lunches on time. Each representative is responsible for informing the company of any absences and lateness via the attendance line prior to the start of the assigned shift. Failure to follow the proper procedures will result in disciplinary action. Each employee is allowed two presage outs per month. Comp time will start to accumulate once training is successfully completed. Comp time is accumulated by work hours. Four hours is earned for every forty hours worked. Comp time can be used once twenty hours are accumulated. The dress code is business casual withdress down on Fridays. acceptable to TMG Inc. Lets make this work experience last a lifetime

Oriflame Direct Marketing Strategy Essay

Oriflame is a cosmetics caller-up, founded in Sweden in the year of 1967 by two br opposites Jonas af Jochnick and Robert af Jochnick. The companys main harvest-tides ar personal care, accessories and nutritional products with over approximately 1000 cosmetics products. The products are priced in high range and promise higher value to clients through a more customized and personalized approach for product and service offerings, distribution processes tailored to meet the needs of customers, and the opportunity to build customer loyalty. The logo of the company Oriflame Sweden gives a feel of expensive Swedish cosmetics.ORIFLAMES MARKETING STRATEGYThe merchandising dodging choose by Oriflame is convey Marketing or Network Marketing. It is one of the largest companies to sell through direct marketing through an independent sales force of over 3.6 million sales consultants in more than 60 countries worldwide with annual sales exceeding some 1.5 billion. Network Marketing or Multi -Level Marketing (MLM) is a strategy which al confuseds the parent multi-level company to market and distribute their products or/and service, directly to the consumer by direct merchandising in a non-permanent retail location and grow the network through relationship referrals. These sales are done through independent, unsalaried Sales Consultants (full time or part time) who represent the company and consume commission based on the volume of sales.The sales consultants often build their own organisation by recruiting a down-line of other independent distributors, who perform the same job and as a result the complete organisation expands. As a consultant they earn commission not only based on their own sales, but also on the entire sales of the down-line group. This strategy has a very low distribution cost and also offers a leading business opportunity to people. This unique business sentiment Make Money Today and Fulfil Your Dreams Tomorrow goes with the brand promise of the company Your Dreams, Our InspirationOriflame implements this strategy with frequent regular enumerations along with frequent, short-term price promotions and cross-sell campaigns. The details of the strategy are as follows 1) item-by-item sales consultants team who directly get in touch with end consumers with hard copy of catalogue 2) Marketing through owners of beauty parlours to increase customer reach 3) Face-to-face interaction with live demos about(predicate) usage and benefits of the products 4) Samples at low prices or free samples with some purchase to try the product graduation exercise and then purchase as buying expensive cosmetic products is a high involvement decision. 5) Direct mails to consumers which includes catalogues, offers 6) Online catalogue and offer details on company website.A typical online catalogue is as infra7) Promoting existing consultants to add more consultants and grow the sales network. This also helps Oriflame in increasing loyal customer ba se as consultants buy Oriflame products for their personal use and for their family. The process of becoming an Oriflame Consultant is an easy process. It includes adjacent steps8) Oriflame also promotes its consultants to increase the sales by giving different incentives like international travel, gifts and other promotional tactics. For example, this years major attraction is Gold Conference in London in 20159) Offline and online makeup tutorials and guidance about health and health & beauty care

We Real Cool by Gwendolyn Brooks Essay

The PoemWe concrete cool.We Left school.We Lurk previous(a).We Strike straight.We Sing sin.We subdue gin.We love June.We Die soon.SummaryThis poesy was indite in 1959, which was in the midst of the Civil Rights Movement. In the shift of Br testify v. come on of Education, in 1954, the Supreme Court ruled t eyelid it was unconstitutional to segregate schools however, desegregation was decrease and many Afri mass Americans became frustrated. Segregation caused more than just separation, it caused many y tabuhs to question their functions in society. Many youths gave up on the idea of having a future, because they were told that they had no future so why try. The boys in the metrical composition appear to be struggling with identity.This meter is only eight lines retentive, so you probably dont learn a summary. What isnt included in the text of the poem, however, is a bit of background framing the lines we read. The poem lists absent the thoughts of some teenaged guys playing pocket billiards at a puss house called The florid Shovel, that seems pretty straightforward. further its actually more complicated than that. In fact, the lines we read ar what an outside observer thinks these boys might be feeling. So this observer, our speaker, thinks the boys might obligate dropped out of school, be drinking gin, staying out late at night, enjoying jazz, and will have short lives. How do we bonk all of this background info? From Gwendolyn tolerate, of course. You can get a line to bear talk approximately We reliable calm mess (and hear to her read the poem, too)We existing quiet Theme of IdentityThe countersignature We is repeated eight clock in this eight-line poem as a signal that the boys have a group identity. The boys desire to be defined by their insubordinate actions, which place them at odds with polite society.We Real aplomb Theme of PrideThe young pussy players seem to take congratulate in their aimless behavior, and c ritics have debated whether they may also take pride in the prophecy they will die soon. They live in a culture w here take down the intimately talented people find that economic and social opportunities are scarce. Dying early could seem comparable a badge of honor. On the other hand, the last line could be read as testify of the speakers disapproval as she tries to pop the boys inflated sense of pride like a balloon.We Real Cool Theme of MortalityWe never learn why the speaker thinks the young kitten players will die soon, though it might have something to do with their enjoyment of sin, rum, and (perhaps) gambling. The speaker could also be thinking that the boys are living to the fullest, as though they might die tomorrow. Additionally, this moment could point to the boys fears, and the struggles and hysteria that they might encounter in their young lives. We Real Cool Theme of Language and CommunicationThis poem is so full of music that we can easily imagine pussycat pla yers reciting it while wearing dark glasses and snapping their fingers under soft, blue lighting. Its jazzin a poem. The seductive rhythm and the use of alliteration and internal rhyme might cause us to feel more sympathetic toward the puss players. The poem also leads us to ask whether their portrayal is meant to be satirical, or whether the pool players might be difficult to trick us into celebrating their lifestyle.We Real Cool AnalysisWe Real Cool Rhyme, Form & MeterWell draw you the poems blueprints, and well listen for the music behind the voice communication.Couplets with Internal RhymeApart from its sub epithet (THE pussycat PLAYERS/SEVEN AT THE GOLDEN SHOVEL), WeReal Cool has four stanzas, each of which is a devil-line bitstockt. every(prenominal) word in the poem has only one syllable.While many traditional couplets in verse have a rhyme at the end of the line, this poem takes rhyming to a new take aim the couplets rhyme in the middle. Thus, cool/school in the f irst stanza, and late/straight in the second. scarce the pause after each rhyme word effectively makes itsound like the end of the line. Its nearly as if each line ends on a rhyme word, and We is tacked on as a floor note. (In musical terminology, a grace note is a short note that gets squeezed in before a beat.)The poem has a regular meter, with three beats and a pause, but these three beats can be pronounced in different ways. You could give voice, We real cool, or We real cool, or We real cool, or, even, We real cool. In the recording we listened to (hear it on Poets.org), permit lay the intimately emphasis on the second two beats We strike straight.Speaker Point of ViewWho is the speaker, can she or he read minds, and, more importantly, can we trust her or him? Perhaps wed better let abide speak for herself hereI wrote We Real Cool because I was passing by a pool hall in my community one afternoon during school time, and I saw, therein, a little bunch of boys I say here in this poem, seven and they were shooting pool. But instead of asking myself, Why arent they in school? I asked myself, I delight in how they feel about themselves? And just perhaps they might have considered themselves contemptuous of the establishment . . . (source).The speaker is trying to imagine what the boys think of their own lives. She is concerned with the community, but irrelevant some critics, we dont think her tone is harsh or judgmental. Rather, we think shes remaining and wants to get inside the heads of these kids. Maybe she even thinks the boys have good reason to be contemptuous of the powers that be.But what about those boys? What are their lives really like, apart from the momentary glimpse that we get through the door of The flamboyant Shovel? Afterall, they are speakers, too, or at least they are spoken for.We Real Cool SettingWhere It All Goes DownA Pool Hall in the South Side of Chicago, the late 1950sBrooks once tell that she was thinking of a certain pool hall in her hometown of Chicago when she wrote this poem (source). As we read and hear We Real Cool, our imaginations are set on fire. We stringent our eyes and, suddenly, we are in a neighborhood of bungalows and old, brick buildings. At the corner of the street stands The Golden Shovel. Its hot outside and cool inside the pool hall. In the dimly lit building, we see several(prenominal) billiard tables. Theres a bar in the back serving cheap gin, and an old-style radio plays scratchy jazz in the corner. Seven young guys are gathered around a couple of the tables. Two of them have made a bet on one of the games, and the money is scratch off on the table, ready to be claimed by the winner. Theyre competitive with one other, but they also spend most of their time together, hanging out as a group. A person walks by, and they stare at her vacantly until she passes.Whats Up With the Title?The title of this poem is the resembling as the first line. It lets us know that the speak er will be imitating the voice of a group of young men in Chicago. The titles musical qualities make it particularly expressive. The vowel sounds go from high to low, like walking down three steps. We high. Real middle. Cool low. You might also put a heavy emphasis on the word real We reeaaal cool. After knowledge this poem, you might find yourself repeating the title oer and everywhere again, fiddling with different ways to say it. The poem also has a subtitle, which you can read about in our Line-By-Line walk though.Sound CheckRead this poem aloud. What do you hear?Before reading this section, youve got to listen to Brooks reading the poem herself, which you can do at Poets.org.Is it different from how you imagined it? We could sit and listen to her say, Seven at the Golden Shovel all day long. Her voice produces deepvibrations like a low saxophone. It may be obvious to say, but theres no avoiding it We Real Cool reads like the lyrics of a jazz tune. Brooks has even provided musical instructions to how it should be read, with the low, quiet, uncertain We.When you listen to the recording, the most obvious musical element is syncopation, or the uneven distribution of the rhythm. Thats why its so hard to talk about meter with this poem. A meter implies a regular rhythm, and, on the page, We Real Cool seems pretty regular, with three beats followed by a pause. But the arrangement of the words lends itself to wild swings of improvisation.Listen to how Brooks pronounces strike straight, by laying into the first word and backing off the second slightly. She literally strikes at the first word like a fist coming down on a piano. If you were reading the poem, you might be inclined to give both words the same amount of emphasis, but Brooks leng and thens the first beat just a tad thats syncopation. Also, when she says, Thin gin, it sounds like a bunch of people shouting and clanking their glasses so hard theyre about the fall off their bar stools Thiinnnnn Ginnnn To some readers, We real cool, may sound like an humorous whisper saying, No, youre not. Stay in school But if you read it aloud like Brooks does, the irresistible pull of the rhythm can also lead us to sympathize with and relate to the boys.Gwendolyn Brookss Calling CardWhat is the poets signature style?Portraits of the Urban PoorBrookss poetry draws heavily on her native Chicago. It focuses attention on poor, simple city dwellers. In another one of her poems, The Bean Eaters, for example, describes a couple living in a rented room, and they can only tolerate to eat beans for dinner. We Real Cool describes urban youths, and for the most part, her tone is neither angry nor judgmental. She describes the way things are using straightforward, matter-of-fact language, andallows the reader to draw his or her own conclusions.Tough-O-MeterWeve got your back. With the Tough-O-Meter, youll know whether to bring extra layers or Swiss army knives as you summit the literary mountain. (10 = To ughest) (2) Sea LevelWe Real Cool is written in everyday language, and it achieves its effect primarily through its glittering, jazzy tone. There are ambiguities and questions, like on the dot what Jazz June means, but to hear the poem is to understand it.We Real Cool TriviaBrain Snacks choice Tidbits of KnowledgeBrooks was born in Kansas but raised in Chicago. Her father was a janitor her mother, a schoolteacher. (Source) Brooks said of the popularity of We Real Cool Most young people know me only by that poem. I dont mean that I dislike it, but I would prefer it if the casebook compilers and the anthologists would assume I had written a few other poems. (Source) In 1968, Brooks succeeded Carl Sandburg, who coined the phrase metropolis of Big Shoulders to describe Chicago, as poet laureate of Illinois. (Source) Brooks won the Pulitzer Prize in 1950 for her experimental long poemAnnie Allen. She was the first African-American woman to win the award. (Source) Brooks was awarded mo re than 70 honorary doctorate degrees. (The walls of her smudge must have been completely covered.)We Real Cool Steaminess RatingExactly how steamy is this poem?PG-13We wonder what these boys are doing until late at night, and were curious about exactly which sins (5) they are celebrating. But Brooks isnt going to give us any more than clues and innuendo. You might be able to vim this up to an R rating if you bought the interpretation that jazz (7) is a slang word for sex. Brooks has said this wasnt what she meant, but that she doesnt mind if people want to take it that wayWe Real Cool Allusions & Cultural ReferencesWhen poets refer to other great works, people, and events, its usually not accidental. Put on your super-sleuth hat and figure out why. Pop CultureJazz (line 7)We Real Cool Symbolism, Imagery & Wordplay here(predicate)s more to a poem than meets the eye.YouthSymbol AnalysisDespite the implication that these young guys are up to no good and should have better things to do, the poem might remind you of your own mischievous youth and of bored summers you spent hanging out in video game arcades even when it was a beautiful day outside. Nonetheless, there is something ominous about these boys who lurk and strike. Subtitle The word gold is symbolic of summer, youth, and daytime. This is an ironic name for the pool hall, because the aimless lives of the pool players seem anything but friendly. Line 7 Brooks has said that the month of June is fragrant and non-controversial. It represents polite society and authority figures. The boys rebel against June by jazzing it up. medicinal drugSymbol AnalysisChicago is the world capitol of the blues, and the city also played a major role in the rise of jazz as an art form. This poem has jazz themes and rhythms in its very bones. Its stalk use of alliteration has a percussive effect, like crashing symbols or the twang of a double bass. The pool players seem to know something about the deep jazz culture. Line 5 T his poem has a make out of alliteration, and sing sin is one example. Line 7 Jazz June. You guessed it alliteration.Pool PlayersSymbol AnalysisBrooks has said she was intrigued by the mix of rebelliousness and insecurity she perceived in the boys she saw playing pool. They want to be noticed, but they also want to seem like they dont give a darn either way. The repeated use of the word We reinforces their group identity, which could be interpreted as solidarity in the face of great social obstacles. Subtitle POOL PLAYERS is the first example of alliteration in the poem. Lines 1-7 The word We is repeated at the end of these lines to create enjambment, ora part of a sentence that carries over the line break.http//www.shmoop.com/we-real-cool/symbolism-imagery.htmlhttp//voices.yahoo.com/analysis-gwendolyn-brooks-poem-we-real-cool-5059520.html Gwendolyn Brooks poem We Real Cool sums up the reality that many youths faced if they chose to escape school. This poem was written in 1959, whi ch was in the midst of the Civil Rights Movement. In the case of Brown v. Board of Education, in 1954, the Supreme Court ruled that it was unconstitutional to segregate schools however, desegregation was slow and many African Americans became frustrated. Segregation caused more than just separation, it caused many youths to question their roles in society if you are told enough times that you dont belong, that you are different (in a bad way), or that you are less than others, then you will eventually start to believe it. Many youths gave up on the idea of having a future, because they were told that they had no future so why try. The boys in the poem seem to be struggling with identity.The poem opens with the guessing of seven boys at a pool hall named the Golden Shovel. Seven is a number that is typically associated with being lucky. The seven pool players can also be seen to represent a small gang, and they rent luck on their side, in order to survive their various financial an d risky endeavors. The name of the pool hall, the Golden Shovel, signifies the short life expectancy of those who choose a life of crime over education. The golden part of the title implies that these pool players are young they should be in school instead of in a pool hall. The shovel is an image that is commonly associated with graves. Therefore, the significance of the name of the pool hall is that the pool players who hang out there are digging their own graves by conducting illegal business. The pool players have an air of mystery around them that makes them seem cool. They seem exciting, because they arent doing what they are supposed to be doing they arent playing it safe. In the second stanza, the narrator, who appears to be one of the pool players, says that they are cool because they go forth school. They are sabotaging themselves by not going to school and living up to their potential. These boys are in fact not cool. The monosyllabic diction of the poem promotes the ide a that these boys are uneducated. Brooks has said that the WEs in We Real Cool are tiny, wispy, weakly argumentative Kilroy-is-here announcements